State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 1;845:157152. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157152. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Accurately investigating long-term information about open-surface water bodies can contribute to water resource protection and management. However, due to the limits of big-data calculations for remote sensing, there has been no specific study on the long-term changes in the water bodies in the Yellow River Basin. Thus, in this study, we developed a new combined extraction rule to build an entire annual-scale open-surface water body dataset for 1986-2020 with excellent effectiveness in eliminating the interference of shadows in the Yellow River Basin using all of the available Landsat images. For the first time, the spatial distribution, change trends, conversion processes, and the heterogeneity of the surface water bodies in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed comprehensively to the best of our knowledge. The extraction results had an overall accuracy of 99.70 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.90, which were validated using 34,073 verification points selected on high-resolution Google Earth images and random Landsat images. The total area of water bodies initially decreased (1986-2000) and then increased (2001-2020); however, only the size of the permanent water bodies increased in most areas, while the size of most of the seasonal water bodies decreased. In regions with human-made water bodies, the non-water areas were substantially converted to seasonal and permanent water bodies; however, in areas with natural water bodies, many permanent and seasonal water bodies were gradually converted to non-water areas. Thus, most of the increases in the water bodies occurred in the form of artificial lakes and reservoirs, while most of the decreases in the water body area occurred in natural wetlands and lakes. The areas of both the permanent and seasonal water bodies were positively correlated with precipitation, but only the area of the seasonal water bodies was negatively correlated with temperature.
准确调查开阔水面水体的长期信息有助于保护和管理水资源。然而，由于遥感大数据计算的限制，对于黄河流域水体的长期变化还没有专门的研究。因此，在本研究中，我们开发了一种新的综合提取规则，利用所有可用的 Landsat 图像，为 1986-2020 年建立了一个完整的年度开阔水面水体数据集，该数据集在消除黄河流域阴影干扰方面具有出色的效果。首次全面分析了黄河流域地表水的空间分布、变化趋势、转化过程和异质性。提取结果的总体精度为 99.70%，kappa 系数为 0.90，通过在高分辨率 Google Earth 图像和随机 Landsat 图像上选择的 34073 个验证点进行验证。水体总面积最初减少（1986-2000 年），然后增加（2001-2020 年）；然而，大多数地区只有永久性水体的面积增加，而大多数季节性水体的面积减少。在有人工水体的地区，非水体区域大量转化为季节性和永久性水体；然而，在自然水体地区，许多永久性和季节性水体逐渐转化为非水体区域。因此，水体的增加主要以人工湖泊和水库的形式出现，而水体面积的减少主要发生在自然湿地和湖泊中。永久性和季节性水体的面积均与降水呈正相关，但季节性水体的面积仅与温度呈负相关。
