Children's Heart Institute, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas;, Email:
Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas.
Comp Med. 2022 Aug 1;72(4):243-247. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000016. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
This report describes an anesthesia technique that we used to study cardiovascular anatomy and physiology with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in 46 African clawed frogs () ( = 24 for electrocardiography and = 22 for CMR). For administration of anesthesia, 3 holding tanks, one each for transportation, sedation, and recovery, were filled with filtered water, with 0.05% buffered tricaine methasulfonate solution (MS-222) added into the sedation tank. Fifteen minutes after the frog was placed in the sedation tank, a paper towel was soaked in MS-222 solution, and the frog was placed in a supine position and rolled 3 to 4 times in the soaked paper with the head and legs exposed. Vital signs were monitored and recorded throughout the procedure. After imagining, frogs were unrolled from the paper towel, placed in the recovery tank, and later returned to their home tank. Monitoring was discontinued when the frogs resumed typical activity. No mortality or complications were observed in frogs that underwent this procedure. Mean duration ±1 SD of anesthesia induction was 12 ± 5 min in the echocardiography group and 14 ± 6 min in the CMR group. The mean duration of anesthesia maintenance was 60 ± 18 min in the echocardiography group and 118 ± 37 min in the CMR group. An additional dose of anesthesia was necessary during maintenance for 9 of 24 (37%) frogs in the echocardiography group and 6 of 22 (27%) frogs in the CMR group. At the end of the procedure, the mean oxygen saturation was 66 ± 9% in the echocardiography group and 85 ± 6% in the CMR group, and heart rate was 48 ± 13 beats/min in the echocardiography group and 42 ± 7 beats/min in the CMR group. We conclude that the anesthesia technique of immersion in MS-222 is suitable for performing echocardiography and CMR imaging in this species without complications.
本报告描述了一种麻醉技术，我们使用该技术在 46 只非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）中进行了超声心动图和心脏磁共振（CMR）研究（=24 只用于心电图，=22 只用于 CMR）。在麻醉过程中，三个水箱，一个用于运输，一个用于镇静，一个用于恢复，均装满了过滤水，并在镇静水箱中加入了 0.05%缓冲的三卡因甲磺酸盐溶液（MS-222）。将青蛙放入镇静水箱后 15 分钟，用纸巾浸透 MS-222 溶液，然后将青蛙置于仰卧位，并在浸湿的纸巾中滚动 3 到 4 次，露出头部和腿部。在整个过程中监测并记录生命体征。成像后，将青蛙从纸巾上展开，放入恢复水箱，然后放回其原水箱。当青蛙恢复正常活动时，停止监测。在接受该程序的青蛙中，未观察到死亡或并发症。在超声心动图组中，麻醉诱导的平均持续时间±1SD 为 12±5 分钟，在 CMR 组中为 14±6 分钟。在超声心动图组中，麻醉维持的平均持续时间为 60±18 分钟，在 CMR 组中为 118±37 分钟。在超声心动图组中，24 只青蛙中有 9 只（37%）和 CMR 组中 6 只（27%）需要在维持过程中追加麻醉剂量。在程序结束时，超声心动图组的平均氧饱和度为 66±9%，CMR 组为 85±6%，超声心动图组的心率为 48±13 次/分钟，CMR 组为 42±7 次/分钟。我们得出结论，浸在 MS-222 中的麻醉技术适用于该物种进行超声心动图和 CMR 成像，且无并发症。
