Analysis of the Clinical Advancements for -Related Malignancies Highlights the Lack of Treatment Evidence for -Positive Male Breast Cancer.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers and male malignancies. Despite recognised clinico-pathological and molecular differences to female breast cancer (FBC), the clinical management of MBC follows established FBC treatment strategies. Loss of function mutations in the DNA damage response genes and , have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MBC. While there have been extensive clinical advancements in other -related malignancies, including FBC, improvements in MBC remain stagnant. Here we present a review that highlights the lack of treatment evidence for -related MBC and the required national and global collaborative effort to address this unmet need. In doing so, we summarise the transformative clinical advancements with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in other -related cancers namely, FBC and prostate cancer.