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利用区块链技术实现具有层次内容标识符机制的信任链框架。

An Implementation of Trust Chain Framework with Hierarchical Content Identifier Mechanism by Using Blockchain Technology.

机构信息

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan.

Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 26;22(13):4831. doi: 10.3390/s22134831.

DOI:10.3390/s22134831
PMID:35808328
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9269561/
Abstract

Advances in information technology (IT) and operation technology (OT) accelerate the development of manufacturing systems (MS) consisting of integrated circuits (ICs), modules, and systems, toward Industry 4.0. However, the existing MS does not support comprehensive identity forensics for the whole system, limiting its ability to adapt to equipment authentication difficulties. Furthermore, the development of trust imposed during their crosswise collaborations with suppliers and other manufacturers in the supply chain is poorly maintained. In this paper, a trust chain framework with a comprehensive identification mechanism is implemented for the designed MS system, which is based and created on the private blockchain in conjunction with decentralized database systems to boost the flexibility, traceability, and identification of the IC-module-system. Practical implementations are developed using a functional prototype. First, the decentralized application (DApp) and the smart contracts are proposed for constructing the new trust chain under the proposed comprehensive identification mechanism by using blockchain technology. In addition, the blockchain addresses of IC, module, and system are automatically registered to InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), individually. In addition, their corresponding hierarchical CID (content identifier) values are organized by using Merkle DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), which is employed via the hierarchical content identifier mechanism (HCIDM) proposed in this paper. Based on insights obtained from this analysis, the trust chain based on HCIDM can be applied to any MS system, for example, this trust chain could be used to prevent the counterfeit modules and ICs employed in the monitoring system of a semiconductor factory environment. The evaluation results show that the proposed scheme could work in practice under the much lower costs, compared to the public blockchain, with a total cost of 0.002094 Ether. Finally, this research is developed an innovation trust chain mechanism that could be provided the system-level security for any MS toward Industrial 4.0 in order to meet the requirements of both manufacturing innovation and product innovation in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

摘要

信息技术 (IT) 和运营技术 (OT) 的进步加速了由集成电路 (IC)、模块和系统组成的制造系统 (MS) 向工业 4.0 的发展。然而，现有的 MS 不支持整个系统的全面身份取证，限制了其适应设备认证困难的能力。此外，在与供应链中的供应商和其他制造商进行横向协作时，信任的发展也得不到很好的维护。在本文中，针对设计的 MS 系统实现了具有全面识别机制的信任链框架，该框架基于私有区块链并结合去中心化数据库系统构建，以提高 IC-模块-系统的灵活性、可追溯性和识别能力。使用功能原型进行了实际实现。首先，提出了去中心化应用程序 (DApp) 和智能合约，以使用区块链技术在提出的全面识别机制下构建新的信任链。此外，IC、模块和系统的区块链地址分别自动注册到星际文件系统 (IPFS)。此外，使用本文提出的分层内容标识符机制 (HCIDM)，通过 Merkle DAG (有向无环图) 对它们的相应分层 CID (内容标识符) 值进行组织。基于从该分析中获得的见解，基于 HCIDM 的信任链可应用于任何 MS 系统，例如，该信任链可用于防止在半导体工厂环境监控系统中使用假冒模块和 IC。评估结果表明，与公共区块链相比，该方案在实践中可以以更低的成本运行，总成本为 0.002094 以太币。最后，本研究开发了一种创新的信任链机制，可以为任何 MS 系统提供系统级安全，以满足可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 中制造创新和产品创新的要求。

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