Opere Wasonga M, John Maingi, Ombori Omwoyo, Kiulia Nicholas M
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Access Microbiol. 2022 Apr 25;4(4):000334. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000334. eCollection 2022.
E n t e r i c v i r u s e s a r e m a i n l y t r a n s m i t t e d b y t h e f a e c a l - o r a l r o u t e a n d h a v e b e e n l i n k e d t o s e v e r a l d i s e a s e s i n c l u d i n g g a s t r o e n t e r i t i s a n d r e s p i r a t o r y i n f e c t i o n s . T h e i r p r e s e n c e i n s u r f a c e w a t e r s h a s b e e n exacerbated by p o l l u t i o n f r o m a v a r i e t y o f p o i n t s o u r c e s s u c h a s s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e . W e s t u d i e d t h e occurrence o f e n t e r o v i r u s e s i n w a t e r s a m p l e s f r o m L a k e V i c t o r i a i n K e n y a t o i n v e s t i g a t e i f t h e r e w a s a l i n k b e t w e e n s e w a g e p o l l u t i o n a n d d e t e c t i o n o f e n t e r o v i r u s e s ( E V s ) t o b u i l d a b a s e l i n e f o r a n enteric viruses monitoring platform for this region. We analysed 216 samples collected over 6 months from six different locations along the Homa Bay Pier. The six sampling locations comprised of three sites (P3, P5, P6) located <500 m from a local sewage treatment plant and pit latrines while three other sites (P1, P2, P4) were located at approximately 0.5 to 3 Km. EVs were concentrated using glass wool adsorption elution protocol and identified using the nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratio was performed to determine whether the location of the sources of sewage pollution near the lake was associated with the EVs contamination. Five out of 108 (5 %) samples collected from the sites (P3, P5 and P6 were EV positive, while 2 % (2/108) of samples from P1, P2 and P4 were EV positive. The presence of the EVs was associated with the distance from the possible sources of faecal contamination (odds ratio 20.28 and 4.86, confidence interval 2.42, and 0.95) for pit latrines and the sewage treatment plant respectively. The result from this study indicates that sewage discharge at the shoreline of Lake Victoria may have been the source of EVs contamination. Data from this study could significantly contribute to informing risk management on sewage pollution in Lake Victoria and it is important to continue monitoring this lake for potentially pathogenic enteric viruses.
肠道病毒主要通过粪口途径传播,并与包括肠胃炎和呼吸道感染在内的多种疾病有关。来自各种点源(如污水排放)的污染加剧了它们在地表水中的存在。我们研究了肯尼亚维多利亚湖水样中肠道病毒的存在情况,以调查污水污染与肠道病毒(EVs)检测之间是否存在关联,从而为该地区的肠道病毒监测平台建立一个基线。我们分析了在6个月内从霍马湾码头沿线六个不同地点采集的216份样本。这六个采样地点包括三个距离当地污水处理厂和坑式厕所不到500米的地点(P3、P5、P6),而其他三个地点(P1、P2、P4)距离约为0.5至3公里。使用玻璃棉吸附洗脱方案浓缩EVs,并使用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应进行鉴定。进行优势比分析以确定湖泊附近污水污染源的位置是否与EVs污染有关。从地点(P3、P5和P6)采集的108份样本中有5份(5%)为EV阳性,而从P1、P2和P4采集的样本中有2%(2/108)为EV阳性。EVs的存在分别与距坑式厕所和污水处理厂可能的粪便污染源的距离有关(优势比分别为20.28和4.86,置信区间分别为2.42和0.95)。这项研究的结果表明,维多利亚湖岸边的污水排放可能是EVs污染的来源。这项研究的数据可以显著有助于为维多利亚湖污水污染的风险管理提供信息,持续监测该湖泊中潜在致病的肠道病毒非常重要。