Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2023 Aug;37(6):1239-1256. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2096484. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
The recent American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) consensus statement on uniform labeling of performance test scores places children who were previously characterized as having "borderline intellectual functioning" within the low average (LA; full scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ) between 80-89) or below average (BA; FSIQ between 70-79) categories. Given limited research examining functional differences across FSIQ groups using AACN's uniform labeling, this study examined adaptive and academic functioning by FSIQ group in youth referred for (neuro)psychological evaluation. Primary comparisons of interest were between LA and BA groups. Participants were 2,516 children between 6 to 13 years with standardized measures of intellectual, adaptive, and academic functioning. Participants were included if their FSIQ ranged from average to exceptionally low. Group differences in adaptive functioning and academic achievement were examined. The LA group did not differ from the BA group in overall adaptive functioning and several domains of adaptive functioning (i.e. social, practical), but demonstrated slightly stronger adaptive skills in the conceptual domain. While the LA group evidenced slightly better word reading and math computation scores than the BA group, these statistically significant differences were not clinically -meaningful. In this clinically referred sample, children with LA and BA intellectual abilities demonstrated similar adaptive skills, but slightly different academic achievement. Both groups demonstrated lower adaptive and academic functioning than children with average range FSIQs. These results suggest that adaptive functioning should be assessed during (neuro)psychological evaluations even when children do not have extremely low FSIQs.
最近，美国临床神经心理学学会 (AACN) 发布了一项关于性能测试评分统一标签的共识声明，将之前被描述为“边缘智力功能”的儿童归入低平均（LA；全量表智商（FSIQ）在 80-89 之间）或低于平均（BA；FSIQ 在 70-79 之间）类别。鉴于使用 AACN 的统一标签对 FSIQ 组之间的功能差异进行的研究有限，本研究通过 FSIQ 组检查了接受（神经）心理评估的青少年的适应和学业功能。主要比较的是 LA 和 BA 组。研究对象为 2516 名 6 至 13 岁的儿童，他们接受了智力、适应和学业功能的标准化测量。只有 FSIQ 在平均到极低范围内的参与者才被纳入研究。研究检查了适应功能和学业成就的组间差异。LA 组在整体适应功能和几个适应功能领域（即社会、实用）方面与 BA 组没有差异，但在概念领域表现出稍微更强的适应技能。尽管 LA 组在单词阅读和数学计算方面的得分略高于 BA 组，但这些统计学上的显著差异没有临床意义。在这个临床推荐的样本中，具有 LA 和 BA 智力能力的儿童表现出相似的适应技能，但在学业成绩上略有不同。两组的适应和学业功能都低于 FSIQ 平均值范围内的儿童。这些结果表明，即使儿童的 FSIQ 没有极低，在（神经）心理评估期间也应评估适应功能。
