College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
Nanoscale. 2022 Jul 28;14(29):10299-10320. doi: 10.1039/d2nr01350a.
Among the most abundant biopolymers in the biosphere, lignin is a renewable aromatic compound that represents an untapped opportunity to create new biological products. However, the complex interlacing structures of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as the unique properties of lignin, limit the utilization of value-added lignin. Lignin-based nanomaterials open the door for lignin applications in environmental pollutant remediation, biofuel production, biomedicine, and other fields. Herein, we present various factors influencing the formation of micro-nanospheres by self-assembly techniques through a review of previous literature, and emphasize the simple and green synthesis of lignin micro/nanospheres (LMNPs) under non-modified conditions. More importantly, we discuss the mechanism of the formation of nanospheres. Considering the heterogeneity of lignin and the polarity of different solvents, we propose that self-assembly techniques should focus more on the influence brought by lignin itself or the solvent, so that the external conditions can be controlled to prepare LMNPs, which can be used in specific fields. A brief overview of the contribution of lignin-based nanomaterials in various fields is also presented. This review could provide insight for the development of lignin-based nanomaterials.
在生物界中最丰富的生物聚合物中，木质素是一种可再生的芳香族化合物，它为创造新的生物产品提供了一个尚未开发的机会。然而，纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的复杂交织结构，以及木质素的独特性质，限制了其附加值的利用。木质素基纳米材料为木质素在环境污染物修复、生物燃料生产、生物医学等领域的应用开辟了道路。在此，我们通过回顾以往的文献，介绍了各种通过自组装技术形成微纳球的影响因素，并强调了在非改性条件下简单绿色合成木质素微/纳球（LMNPs）。更重要的是，我们讨论了纳米球形成的机制。考虑到木质素的异质性和不同溶剂的极性，我们提出自组装技术应该更关注木质素本身或溶剂带来的影响，以便可以控制外部条件来制备 LMNPs，从而可以将其应用于特定领域。本文还简要概述了木质素基纳米材料在各个领域的贡献。这篇综述可以为木质素基纳米材料的发展提供一些见解。
