Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Viruses. 2022 Jul 25;14(8):1620. doi: 10.3390/v14081620.
Smear-ripened cheeses host complex microbial communities that play a crucial role in the ripening process. Although bacteriophages have been frequently isolated from dairy products, their diversity and ecological role in such this type of cheese remain underexplored. In order to fill this gap, the main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteriophages from the rind of a smear-ripened cheese. Thus, viral particles extracted from the cheese rind were tested through a spot assay against a collection of bacteria isolated from the same cheese and identified by sequencing the full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. In total, five virulent bacteriophages infecting , , and species were obtained. All exhibit a narrow host range, being only able to infect a few cheese-rind isolates within the same species. The complete genome of each phage was sequenced using both Nanopore and Illumina technologies, assembled and annotated. A sequence comparison with known phages revealed that four of them may represent at least new genera. The distribution of the five virulent phages into the dairy-plant environment was also investigated by PCR, and three potential reservoirs were identified. This work provides new knowledge on the cheese rind viral community and an overview of the distribution of phages within a cheese factory.
成熟干酪表面的微生物群落非常复杂，对成熟过程起着至关重要的作用。尽管噬菌体能频繁地从乳制品中分离出来，但它们在这类奶酪中的多样性和生态作用仍未得到充分探索。为了填补这一空白，本研究的主要目的是从成熟干酪的表皮中分离和鉴定噬菌体。为此，从奶酪表皮中提取的病毒颗粒通过斑点试验进行了测试，该试验针对从同一奶酪中分离并通过全长小亚基核糖体 RNA 基因测序鉴定的细菌集合进行。总共获得了 5 种感染 、 、 和 物种的烈性噬菌体。所有这些噬菌体都具有狭窄的宿主范围，只能感染同一物种中少数几种奶酪表皮分离株。使用 Nanopore 和 Illumina 技术对每个噬菌体的完整基因组进行了测序、组装和注释。与已知噬菌体的序列比较表明，其中 4 种可能代表至少是新属。还通过 PCR 调查了这 5 种烈性噬菌体在乳制品厂环境中的分布情况，鉴定出了 3 个潜在的储存库。这项工作提供了有关奶酪表皮病毒群落的新知识，并概述了噬菌体在奶酪工厂中的分布情况。
