School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 26;19(15):9080. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159080.
Notwithstanding the interventions implemented to address child mortality, anaemia and malnutrition remain a concern for the future of developing countries. Anaemia and malnutrition contribute a high proportion of the causes of childhood morbidity in Africa. The objective of this study is to jointly model anaemia and malnutrition using a copula geo-additive model. This study is a secondary data analysis where a Demographic and Health Survey of 2016 data from Angola, Malawi, and Senegal was used. The descriptive analysis was conducted in SPSS and the copula geo-additive model analysis was performed in R 3.63. The results showed that female children are notably associated with anaemia and a malnourished status (female estimate = 0.144, -value = 0.027 for anaemia; female estimate = -0.105, -value = 000 for malnutrition). The probability of each result decreased with an improvement in the mother's level of schooling. This indicates an urgent requirement for interventions to be implemented by policymakers in order to manage children's mortality rates. These interventions can include the introduction of educational programs for older adults, children's dietary programs, and income generation initiatives (starting a small business, etc.). It is hoped that this paper can foster the utilization of copula methodology in this field of science with the use of cross-sectional data.
尽管为解决儿童死亡率、贫血症和营养不良问题采取了干预措施，但这些问题仍是发展中国家未来面临的挑战。贫血症和营养不良是导致非洲儿童发病率高的主要原因之一。本研究旨在使用 Copula 地理加法模型联合构建贫血症和营养不良模型。本研究是一项二次数据分析，使用了 2016 年安哥拉、马拉维和塞内加尔的人口与健康调查数据。描述性分析在 SPSS 中进行，Copula 地理加法模型分析在 R 3.63 中进行。结果表明，女童明显与贫血症和营养不良有关（贫血症的女性估计值=0.144，-值=0.027；营养不良的女性估计值=-0.105，-值=000）。随着母亲受教育程度的提高，每个结果的概率都降低了。这表明决策者迫切需要实施干预措施，以控制儿童死亡率。这些干预措施可以包括为老年人、儿童膳食计划和创业计划（开办小企业等）引入教育计划。希望本文能够促进 Copula 方法在该领域的应用，使用横断面数据。
