State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 22;23(15):8056. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158056.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a nonreceptor serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in diverse processes, including cell development, photomorphogenesis, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. In contrast with the deeply researched GSK family in and rice, maize GSKs' common bioinformatic features and protein functions are poorly understood. In this study, we identified 11 genes in the maize ( L.) genome via homologous alignment, which we named Zeama;GSKs (ZmGSKs). The results of ZmGSK protein sequences, conserved motifs, and gene structures showed high similarities with each other. The phylogenetic analyses showed that a total of 11 genes from maize were divided into four clades. Furthermore, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the genes showed that ZmGSK1, ZmGSK2, ZmGSK4, ZmGSK5, ZmGSK8, ZmGSK9, ZmGSK10, and ZmGSK11 were expressed in all tissues; ZmGSK3, ZmGSK6, and ZmGSK7 were expressed in a specific organization. In addition, expression profiles under hormone treatments demonstrated that the genes were induced under BR conditions, except for and . genes were regulated under ABA conditions, except for and . Finally, using the yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assay, we determined that clads II (ZmGSK1, ZmGSK4, ZmGSK7, ZmGSK8, and ZmGSK11) could interact with ZmBZR1. The results suggest that clade II of ZmGSKs is important for BR signaling and that ZmGSK1 may play a dominant role in BR signaling as the counterpart to BIN2. This study provides a foundation for the further study of GSK3 functions and could be helpful in devising strategies for improving maize.
糖原合成酶激酶-3（GSK-3）是一种非受体丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，参与多种过程，包括细胞发育、光形态建成、生物和非生物胁迫反应以及激素信号转导。与在 和水稻中深入研究的 GSK 家族相比，玉米 GSK 的常见生物信息学特征和蛋白质功能知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们通过同源比对在玉米（ L.）基因组中鉴定了 11 个基因，我们将其命名为 Zeama;GSKs（ZmGSKs）。ZmGSK 蛋白序列、保守基序和基因结构的结果显示彼此高度相似。系统发育分析表明，来自玉米的 11 个基因总共分为四个分支。此外，对 11 个基因的半定量 RT-PCR 分析表明，ZmGSK1、ZmGSK2、ZmGSK4、ZmGSK5、ZmGSK8、ZmGSK9、ZmGSK10 和 ZmGSK11 在所有组织中表达；ZmGSK3、ZmGSK6 和 ZmGSK7 在特定组织中表达。此外，激素处理下的 基因表达谱表明，除 基因外，其余基因在 BR 条件下被诱导表达。除 基因外，其余基因在 ABA 条件下被调控。最后，利用酵母双杂交和 BiFC 测定，我们确定了 clade II（ZmGSK1、ZmGSK4、ZmGSK7、ZmGSK8 和 ZmGSK11）可以与 ZmBZR1 相互作用。结果表明，ZmGSK3 的 clade II 对 BR 信号转导很重要，ZmGSK1 可能在 BR 信号转导中作为 BIN2 的对应物发挥主导作用。这项研究为进一步研究 GSK3 的功能提供了基础，并有助于制定提高玉米产量的策略。
Zotero 插件
