1Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
2Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and.
Neurosurg Focus. 2022 Aug;53(2):E11. doi: 10.3171/2022.5.FOCUS22170.
Neurosurgical education is a continually developing field with an aim of training competent and compassionate surgeons who can care for the needs of their patients. The Mayo Clinic utilizes a unique mentorship model for neurosurgical training. In this paper, the authors detail the historical roots as well as the logistical and experiential characteristics of this teaching model. This model was first established in the late 1890s by the Mayo brothers and then adopted by the Mayo Clinic Department of Neurological Surgery at its inception in 1919. It has since been implemented enterprise-wide at the Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona residency programs. The mentorship model is focused on honing resident skills through individualized attention and guidance from an attending physician. Each resident is closely mentored by a consultant during a 2- or 3-month rotation, which allows for exposure to more complex cases early in their training. In this model, residents take ownership of their patients' care, following them longitudinally during their hospital course with guided oversight from their mentors. During the chief year, residents have their own clinic, operating room (OR) schedule, and OR team and service nurse. In this model, chief residents conduct themselves more in the manner of an attending physician than a trainee but continue to have oversight from staff to provide a "safety net." The longitudinal care of patients provided by the residents under the mentorship model is not only beneficial for the trainee and the hospital, but also has a positive impact on patient satisfaction and safety. The Mayo Clinic Mentorship Model is one of many educational models that has demonstrated itself to be an excellent approach for resident education.
神经外科学教育是一个不断发展的领域，旨在培养有能力和有同情心的外科医生，能够满足患者的需求。梅奥诊所采用独特的神经外科学培训指导模式。本文作者详细介绍了这种教学模式的历史根源以及其后勤和经验特点。这种模式最初由梅奥兄弟于 19 世纪 90 年代建立，然后由 1919 年成立的梅奥诊所神经外科部门采用。此后，该模式在明尼苏达州、佛罗里达州和亚利桑那州的住院医师培训计划中得到全面实施。指导模式侧重于通过主治医生的个性化关注和指导来磨练住院医生的技能。每位住院医生在 2 或 3 个月的轮班期间都由顾问进行密切指导，从而在培训早期接触到更复杂的病例。在这种模式下，住院医生对患者的治疗负责，在他们的住院期间对他们进行纵向跟踪，并接受导师的指导监督。在首席年，住院医生拥有自己的诊所、手术室 (OR) 日程安排和 OR 团队和服务护士。在这种模式下，住院医生在首席年的行为更像是主治医生，而不是学员，但仍需要工作人员的监督，以提供“安全网”。住院医生在指导模式下对患者进行的纵向治疗不仅对学员和医院有益，而且对患者满意度和安全性也有积极影响。梅奥诊所指导模式是众多已证明对住院医生教育非常有效的教育模式之一。
