Visualizing Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1(S1P) Signaling During Central Nervous System De- and Remyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by aberrant auto-reactive immune responses. The current immune-modulatory therapies are unable to protect and repair immune-mediated neural tissue damage. One of the therapeutic targets in MS is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway which signals via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-5 (S1P). S1P receptors are expressed predominantly on immune and CNS cells. Considering the potential neuroprotective properties of S1P signaling, we utilized S1P-GFP (Green fluorescent protein) reporter mice in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model to investigate in vivo S1P - S1P signaling in the CNS. We observed S1P signaling in a subset of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during demyelination. During remyelination, S1P signaling is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the SVZ and mature oligodendrocytes in the medial corpus callosum (MCC). In the cuprizone model, we did not observe S1P signaling in neurons and astrocytes. We also observed β-arrestin-dependent S1P signaling in lymphocytes during demyelination and CNS inflammation. Our findings reveal β-arrestin-dependent S1P signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells implying a role of S1P signaling in remyelination.