Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 5;23(15):8704. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158704.
During mitosis, many cellular structures are organized to segregate the replicated genome to the daughter cells. Chromatin is condensed to shape a mitotic chromosome. A multiprotein complex known as kinetochore is organized on a specific region of each chromosome, the centromere, which is defined by the presence of a histone H3 variant called CENP-A. The cytoskeleton is re-arranged to give rise to the mitotic spindle that binds to kinetochores and leads to the movement of chromosomes. How chromatin regulates different activities during mitosis is not well known. The role of histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) in mitosis has been recently revealed. Specific HPTMs participate in local compaction during chromosome condensation. On the other hand, HPTMs are involved in CENP-A incorporation in the centromere region, an essential activity to maintain centromere identity. HPTMs also participate in the formation of regulatory protein complexes, such as the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Finally, we discuss how HPTMs can be modified by environmental factors and the possible consequences on chromosome segregation and genome stability.
在有丝分裂过程中，许多细胞结构被组织起来，将复制的基因组分离到子细胞中。染色质浓缩形成有丝分裂染色体。一个称为动粒的多蛋白复合物在每个染色体的特定区域，即着丝粒上组织起来，着丝粒由一种称为 CENP-A 的组蛋白 H3 变体的存在定义。细胞骨架重新排列形成纺锤体，纺锤体与动粒结合，导致染色体移动。染色质如何在有丝分裂过程中调节不同的活动尚不清楚。组蛋白翻译后修饰 (HPTMs) 在有丝分裂中的作用最近才被揭示。特定的 HPTMs 参与染色体浓缩过程中的局部紧缩。另一方面，HPTMs 参与 CENP-A 在着丝粒区域的掺入，这是维持着丝粒身份的必要活动。HPTMs 还参与调节蛋白复合物的形成，如染色体乘客复合物 (CPC) 和纺锤体组装检查点 (SAC)。最后，我们讨论了 HPTMs 如何被环境因素修饰，以及对染色体分离和基因组稳定性的可能影响。
