Tilahun Mihret, Fiseha Mesfin, Ebrahim Endris, Ali Seada, Belete Melaku Ashagrie, Seid Abdurahaman, Demsiss Wondmagegn, Gedefie Alemu, Tadesse Selamyhun, Belayhun Chernet
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Aug 5;15:4253-4268. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S377186. eCollection 2022.
infection is still the world's most serious public health problem among children under the age of five. Nasopharyngeal carriage rate of has been identified as an important risk factor for the acquisition of community acquired respiratory tract infection. To date, little is known about the nasopharyngeal infection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of among preschool children in Ethiopia.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of among preschool children.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to April 2022. A total of 418 preschool children were enrolled using a multistage sampling technique. Nasopharyngeal swab was collected and transported to Medical Microbiology Laboratory at Debre Berhan comprehensive specialized hospital using skim-milk tryptone glucose glycerol transport media. The swab was inoculated on blood agar plates supplemented with 5µg/mL gentamycin and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours under 5% CO2 using a candle jar. Identification of was performed using Gram stain, catalase test, optochin test and bile solubility test. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done using a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered into the statistical package Epi data 4.0.0.6 and transferred to and analyzed using SPSS software version-23. A -value ≤0.05 with 95% CI was considered to be statistically significant.
The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage was 29.9% (125/418). The overall rate of multidrug resistance was 86 (68.8%), with tetracycline (68.8%) and TMP-SMX (68%). Among risk factors, young age and passive smoking were associated with pneumococcal carriage.
The present study revealed a substantially lower prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage. High antimicrobial resistance was observed for most antimicrobial drugs tested. Younger age groups and passive smokers were at risk of nasopharyngeal carriage.
感染仍是全球五岁以下儿童面临的最严重公共卫生问题。肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带率已被确定为获得社区获得性呼吸道感染的重要危险因素。迄今为止，关于埃塞俄比亚学龄前儿童肺炎链球菌的鼻咽感染情况及抗菌药物敏感性模式知之甚少。
本研究旨在评估学龄前儿童肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带率及抗菌药物敏感性模式。
于2021年9月至2022年4月开展了一项横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术共纳入418名学龄前儿童。采集鼻咽拭子，使用脱脂乳胰蛋白胨葡萄糖甘油转运培养基运送至德布雷伯汉综合专科医院的医学微生物实验室。将拭子接种在添加了5µg/mL庆大霉素的血琼脂平板上，置于烛缸内在37°C、5%二氧化碳环境下孵育24 - 48小时。采用革兰氏染色、过氧化氢酶试验、奥普托欣试验和胆汁溶解试验对肺炎链球菌进行鉴定。采用改良的 Kirby - Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。数据录入统计软件Epi data 4.0.0.6，并导入SPSS软件23版进行分析。P值≤0.05且95%置信区间被认为具有统计学意义。
肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带率为29.9%（125/418）。多重耐药的总体发生率为86例（68.8%），对四环素（68.8%）和复方新诺明（68%）耐药。在危险因素中，年龄小和被动吸烟与肺炎链球菌携带有关。
本研究显示肺炎链球菌的鼻咽携带率显著较低。在所测试的大多数抗菌药物中观察到高耐药性。年龄较小的儿童和被动吸烟者有肺炎链球菌鼻咽携带的风险。
