School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2022 Oct;46(5):640-646. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13289. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
Since 2014, five Australian states have enacted 'No Jab, No Play' policies requiring children to be fully vaccinated to attend childcare and early education services. We review the five policies and their implications for implementers - including healthcare and childcare service providers - and analyse factors that shaped the design of state policies.
We employed documentary analysis and analysed key informant interviews in NVivo 12.
Our findings reveal similarities and differences between state provisions regarding exemptions, grace periods, responsibilities of service providers and sanctions for non-compliance. We elaborate on five factors of influence that have shaped No Jab, No Play policies: i) impetus for change; ii) policy normalisation, growing concurrence and stringency; iii) increased co-optation of childcare providers into vaccination governance; iv) policy influence and lessons; and v) partisan politics and the development of party ideologies over time.
A range of factors contribute to how and why Australia's NJNPlay policies have taken their current forms.
NJNPlay policies impact families and healthcare providers as part of the broader policy ecosystem concerned with maintaining high immunisation rates in Australia. Increased coercion of parents over time has been tempered by partisan positions on exemptions for disadvantage.
自 2014 年以来，澳大利亚的五个州已经颁布了“无疫苗，无游戏”政策，要求儿童全面接种疫苗才能入托和接受早期教育服务。我们回顾了这五项政策及其对实施者（包括医疗保健和儿童保育服务提供者）的影响，并分析了影响州政策设计的因素。
我们采用文献分析，并在 NVivo 12 中分析了关键知情人的访谈。
我们的研究结果揭示了各州在豁免、宽限期、服务提供者责任和违规制裁方面的规定的相似和不同之处。我们详细阐述了影响“无疫苗，无游戏”政策的五个因素：i）变革的动力；ii）政策规范、日益一致和严格；iii）越来越多地将儿童保育提供者纳入疫苗接种治理；iv）政策影响和经验教训；以及 v）党派政治和党派意识形态随时间的发展。
一系列因素促成了澳大利亚 NJNPlay 政策采取目前形式的方式和原因。
作为关注澳大利亚高免疫率的更广泛政策生态系统的一部分，“无疫苗，无游戏”政策影响到家庭和医疗保健提供者。随着时间的推移，对父母的强制力逐渐减弱，而对弱势群体的豁免则存在党派立场。
