School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024;19(4):473-496. doi: 10.2174/1574888X17666220818103228.
Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these treatment modalities do not fully meet patients' biological and mechanical needs and have limited longevity. Regenerative medicine focuses on the restoration of patients' natural tissues via tissue engineering techniques instead of rehabilitating with artificial appliances. Therefore, a tissue-engineered tooth regeneration strategy seems like a promising option to treat tooth loss.
This review aims to demonstrate recent advances in tooth regeneration strategies and discoveries about underlying mechanisms and pathways of tooth formation.
Whole tooth regeneration, tooth root formation, and dentin-pulp organoid generation have been achieved by using different seed cells and various materials for scaffold production. Bioactive agents are critical elements for the induction of cells into odontoblast or ameloblast lineage. Some substantial pathways enrolled in tooth development have been figured out, helping researchers design their experiments more effectively and aligned with the natural process of tooth formation.
According to current knowledge, tooth regeneration is possible in case of proper selection of stem cells, appropriate design and manufacturing of a biocompatible scaffold, and meticulous application of bioactive agents for odontogenic induction. Understanding innate odontogenesis pathways play a crucial role in accurately planning regenerative therapeutic interventions in order to reproduce teeth.
牙齿缺失是一个严重的健康问题。目前，这种情况通常采用植入物和义齿等合成材料来治疗。然而，这些治疗方式并不能完全满足患者的生物和机械需求，且使用寿命有限。再生医学专注于通过组织工程技术来恢复患者的天然组织，而不是用人工器具来修复。因此，组织工程化的牙齿再生策略似乎是治疗牙齿缺失的一种很有前途的选择。
本综述旨在展示牙齿再生策略的最新进展，以及对牙齿形成的潜在机制和途径的发现。
使用不同的种子细胞和各种材料来生产支架，已经实现了全牙再生、牙根形成和牙髓-牙本质类器官的生成。生物活性物质对于诱导细胞向成牙本质细胞或成釉细胞谱系分化至关重要。一些参与牙齿发育的重要途径已经被揭示出来，这有助于研究人员更有效地设计实验，并与牙齿形成的自然过程保持一致。
根据目前的知识，如果能够正确选择干细胞、合适地设计和制造生物相容性支架，并精心应用诱导成牙的生物活性物质，牙齿再生是有可能的。了解天然牙发生途径对于准确规划再生治疗干预措施以复制牙齿至关重要。
