Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo; Miami University.
Miami University.
Behav Ther. 2022 Sep;53(5):843-857. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.003. Epub 2022 Jan 22.
Clinical perfectionism contributes to the onset and maintenance of multiple psychological concerns. We conducted a randomized, longitudinal test of the efficacy of a web-based intervention for perfectionism (specifically, cognitive bias modification, interpretation retraining; CBM-I), compared to an active treatment comparison condition (specifically, guided visualization relaxation training) for reducing perfectionism and related psychopathology. College students (N = 167) with elevated perfectionism were randomized to one of the two study conditions and were asked to complete their assigned intervention twice weekly for 4 weeks. Participants completed measures of perfectionism and psychological symptoms at baseline, 2 weeks (midway through the intervention period), 4 weeks (at the conclusion of the intervention period), and 8 weeks (1 month follow-up). CBM-I was rated as acceptable overall, though relaxation training was rated slightly more favorably. CBM-I outperformed relaxation training on improving perfectionism-relevant interpretation biases (i.e., increasing nonperfectionistic interpretations and decreasing perfectionistic interpretations), though with small effect sizes and inconsistency across study timepoints. Self-reported perfectionism showed small decreases across time in both intervention conditions. Support was found for a key hypothesized mechanism of CBM-I, such that randomization to CBM-I had a longitudinal, indirect effect on decreasing psychopathology symptom scores through improving perfectionism-relevant interpretation biases. However, in light of small effect sizes, the present study failed to provide compelling evidence that CBM-I for perfectionism contributes meaningfully to the treatment of perfectionism.
临床完美主义会导致多种心理问题的发生和持续。我们进行了一项随机纵向试验,比较了基于网络的完美主义干预(具体来说,认知偏差修正、解释再训练;CBM-I)与积极的治疗对照条件(具体来说,引导可视化放松训练)对减少完美主义和相关心理病理学的疗效。有高度完美主义的大学生(N=167)被随机分配到两种研究条件之一,并被要求每周完成两次指定的干预,持续 4 周。参与者在基线、2 周(干预期中途)、4 周(干预期末)和 8 周(1 个月随访)时完成了完美主义和心理症状的测量。CBM-I 的总体评价是可接受的,尽管放松训练的评价稍高一些。CBM-I 在改善与完美主义相关的解释偏差方面优于放松训练(即增加非完美主义的解释,减少完美主义的解释),尽管效果较小,且在研究时间点上不一致。两种干预条件下,自我报告的完美主义在整个时间内都有较小的下降。支持 CBM-I 的一个关键假设机制,即随机分配到 CBM-I 通过改善与完美主义相关的解释偏差,对降低心理病理学症状评分有纵向的间接影响。然而,考虑到效果较小,本研究未能提供令人信服的证据表明,针对完美主义的 CBM-I 对完美主义的治疗有重要意义。