Evaluation of phase-locking to parameterized speech envelopes.

Humans rely on the temporal processing ability of the auditory system to perceive speech during everyday communication. The temporal envelope of speech is essential for speech perception, particularly envelope modulations below 20 Hz. In the literature, the neural representation of this speech envelope is usually investigated by recording neural phase-locked responses to speech stimuli. However, these phase-locked responses are not only associated with envelope modulation processing, but also with processing of linguistic information at a higher-order level when speech is comprehended. It is thus difficult to disentangle the responses into components from the acoustic envelope itself and the linguistic structures in speech (such as words, phrases and sentences). Another way to investigate neural modulation processing is to use sinusoidal amplitude-modulated stimuli at different modulation frequencies to obtain the temporal modulation transfer function. However, these transfer functions are considerably variable across modulation frequencies and individual listeners. To tackle the issues of both speech and sinusoidal amplitude-modulated stimuli, the recently introduced Temporal Speech Envelope Tracking (TEMPEST) framework proposed the use of stimuli with a distribution of envelope modulations. The framework aims to assess the brain's capability to process temporal envelopes in different frequency bands using stimuli with speech-like envelope modulations. In this study, we provide a proof-of-concept of the framework using stimuli with modulation frequency bands around the syllable and phoneme rate in natural speech. We evaluated whether the evoked phase-locked neural activity correlates with the speech-weighted modulation transfer function measured using sinusoidal amplitude-modulated stimuli in normal-hearing listeners. Since many studies on modulation processing employ different metrics and comparing their results is difficult, we included different power- and phase-based metrics and investigate how these metrics relate to each other. Results reveal a strong correspondence across listeners between the neural activity evoked by the speech-like stimuli and the activity evoked by the sinusoidal amplitude-modulated stimuli. Furthermore, strong correspondence was also apparent between each metric, facilitating comparisons between studies using different metrics. These findings indicate the potential of the TEMPEST framework to efficiently assess the neural capability to process temporal envelope modulations within a frequency band that is important for speech perception.