Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 25;17(8):e0273562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273562. eCollection 2022.
Radiation intensity and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can be precisely controlled to manipulate plant yield and quality. Due to increased plant densities during seedling production, fewer inputs per plant are required, creating the potential to increase production efficiency. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify the extent radiation intensity and CO2 concentration under sole-source lighting influence morphology and yield of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) seedlings, and 2) determine if differences in morphology, yield, and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration persist after transplant in a common environment. Sweet basil 'Nufar' seedlings were grown in growth chambers with target CO2 concentrations of 500 or 1,000 μmol·mol‒1 under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) providing target photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 100, 200, 400, or 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1 for 16 h per day. After two weeks, seedlings were transplanted into a common greenhouse environment and grown until harvest. At transplant and three weeks after transplant (harvest), growth and developmental differences were quantified along with key terpenoid and phenylpropanoid concentrations at harvest. Radiation intensity and CO2 interacted influencing many aspects of plant morphology, though CO2 concentration effects were less pronounced than those of radiation intensity. As radiation intensity during seedling production increased from 100 to 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1, basil seedlings were 38% taller, had a 713% larger leaf area, and had 65% thicker stems; at harvest, plants were 24% taller, had 56% more branches, 28% more nodes, 22% thicker stems, and weighed 80% more when fresh and dry. Additionally, after growing in a common environment for three weeks, eugenol concentration was greater in plants grown under a PPFD of 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1 as seedlings compared to lower intensities. Therefore, increasing radiation intensity during seedling production under sole-source lighting can carry over to increase subsequent yield and eugenol concentration during finished production.
辐射强度和二氧化碳（CO2）浓度可以精确控制，从而操纵植物的产量和质量。由于在幼苗生产期间增加了植物密度，因此每株植物所需的投入减少，从而有可能提高生产效率。因此，本研究的目的是：1）量化单一光源下辐射强度和 CO2 浓度对甜罗勒（Ocimum basilicum）幼苗形态和产量的影响程度，2）确定在共同环境中移植后形态、产量和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）浓度是否存在差异。使用发光二极管（LED）将甜罗勒'Nufar'幼苗在目标 CO2 浓度为 500 或 1000 μmol·mol‒1 的生长室中生长，目标光合光子通量密度（PPFD）为 100、200、400 或 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1，每天 16 小时。两周后，幼苗被移植到一个共同的温室环境中，并生长到收获。在移植和移植后三周（收获）时，量化了生长和发育差异，以及收获时关键萜烯和苯丙烷类化合物的浓度。辐射强度和 CO2 相互作用影响植物形态的许多方面，尽管 CO2 浓度的影响不如辐射强度明显。随着幼苗生产期间辐射强度从 100 增加到 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1，罗勒幼苗的高度增加了 38%，叶片面积增加了 713%，茎粗增加了 65%；收获时，植物的高度增加了 24%，分枝增加了 56%，节点增加了 28%，茎粗增加了 22%，鲜重和干重分别增加了 80%。此外，在共同环境中生长三周后，与低强度相比，在 PPFD 为 600 μmol·m‒2·s‒1 下生长的幼苗中丁香酚的浓度更高。因此，在单一光源下幼苗生产期间增加辐射强度可以延续到后续生产中增加产量和丁香酚浓度。
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