Droste Jan-Niklas, Marshall Robert Percy, Borte Stephan, Seyler Sebastian, Riepenhof Helge
Medical Department, RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, 04177 Leipzig, Germany.
Center for Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Hamburg, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 11;12(8):1220. doi: 10.3390/life12081220.
To evaluate the extent and characteristics of COVID-19 cases in relation to environmental COVID-19 incidences in the four best European soccer leagues (Bundesliga, Premier League, Serie A and La Liga) from the first of January 2020 until the end of January 2022. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all publicly available COVID-19 cases in the studied cohorts was performed. The 14-day case incidences from epidemiological national data were used as reference values. The leagues studied are the Bundesliga (Germany), Premier League (Great Britain), Serie A (Italy) and La Liga (Spain). For all cases, the duration of time loss and date of case notification were recorded. Results: League-specific mean time loss due to disease or quarantine per COVID-19 case differs significantly between La Liga (11.45; ±5.21 days) and the other leagues studied (Bundesliga 20.41; ±33.87; p 0.0242; Premier League 17.12; ±10.39; p 0.0001; Serie A 17.61; ±12.71; p < 0.0001). A positive correlation between 14-day national incidence with COVID-19 disease occurrence in soccer leagues was found for all leagues studied. The correlations were strong in the Bundesliga (r 0.5911; CI 0.4249−0.7187; p < 0.0001), Serie A (r 0.5979; CI 0.4336−0.7238; p < 0.0001) and La Liga (r 0.5251; CI 0.3432−0.6690; p < 0.0001). A moderate correlation was found for the Premier League (r 0.3308; CI 0.1147−0.5169; p 0.0026). Odds ratios for altered environmental case risk in the cohorts studied could be calculated for four different national COVID-19 incidence levels (<50/100.000 to >500/100.000). A trend towards shorter COVID-19 case duration in the second half of 2021 was shown for all leagues studied. Conclusions: There was a significantly lower mean time-loss caused by a COVID-19 infection for cases occurred in La Liga compared with the other three leagues studied. For all four leagues studied, a positive, significant correlation of national environmental COVID-19 incidence level and the incidence of COVID-19 cases in the cohort of a football league was found.
评估2020年1月1日至2022年1月底期间，欧洲四大顶级足球联赛（德甲、英超、意甲和西甲）中新冠病例的范围及特征与环境新冠发病率的关系。方法：对研究队列中所有公开的新冠病例进行回顾性评估。将来自国家流行病学数据的14天病例发病率用作参考值。所研究的联赛包括德甲（德国）、英超（英国）、意甲（意大利）和西甲（西班牙）。记录所有病例的失能时间和病例报告日期。结果：西甲每例新冠病例因疾病或隔离导致的联赛特定平均失能时间（11.45；±5.21天）与其他所研究联赛（德甲20.41；±33.87；p = 0.0242；英超17.12；±10.39；p = 0.0001；意甲17.61；±12.71；p < 0.0001）存在显著差异。在所研究的所有联赛中，均发现14天国家发病率与足球联赛中新冠疾病发生之间存在正相关。德甲（r = 0.5911；CI 0.4249−0.7187；p < 0.0001）、意甲（r = 0.5979；CI 0.4336−0.7238；p < 0.0001）和西甲（r = 0.5251；CI 0.3432−0.6690；p < 0.0001）的相关性较强。英超的相关性为中等（r = 0.3308；CI 0.1147−0.5169；p = 0.0026）。对于所研究队列中环境病例风险改变的比值比，可针对四种不同的国家新冠发病率水平（<50/100,000至>500/100,000）进行计算。在所研究的所有联赛中，2021年下半年均呈现出新冠病例持续时间缩短的趋势。结论：与其他三个所研究联赛相比，西甲中新冠感染病例导致的平均失能时间显著更低。在所研究的所有四个联赛中，均发现国家环境新冠发病率水平与足球联赛队列中新冠病例的发病率呈正相关且具有显著性。
