Ullah Karim, Numan Muhammad, Alouffi Abdulaziz, Almutairi Mashal M, Zahid Hafsa, Khan Majid, Islam Zia Ul, Kamil Atif, Safi Sher Zaman, Ahmed Haroon, Tanaka Tetsuya, Ali Abid
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 9;10(8):1614. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081614.
is a tick-associated parasite that causes tropical theileriosis in livestock and is responsible for huge economic losses. Studies have been neglected on the effect of spp. on cattle in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The present study was designed to determine the genetic diversity and assess the risk factors associated with infection in selected districts of KP. Information on the risk factors related to the infection was collected through a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from symptomatic cattle from January 2019 to February 2020, identified morphologically through microscopic examination, and processed for molecular characterization using the gene as a genetic marker. Of the 555 cattle examined (136, 24.5%) and (294, 53%) were found positive for spp. by microscopic examination and a PCR test, respectively. Based on the PCR test, the highest prevalence of infection was found in district Upper Dir (46/75, 61.3%), followed by Lower Dir (54/90, 60%); Malakand (51/88, 57.9%); Peshawar (40/80, 50%); and Charsadda (52/112, 46.4%), with the lowest in Bajaur (51/110, 46.34%). A BLAST analysis of the sequences showed 99.5% identity with . In a phylogenetic tree, the sequence of clustered with sequences from Pakistan, China, and Italy. A significant association was observed between the prevalence of infection and different host characteristics. The highest infection was found in adult cattle (216/360, 60%); females (218/377, 57.8%); and Holstein Friesian (120/180, 66.6%). infection was significantly associated with management practices. Higher infection rates were observed in free-grazing cattle (190/412, 42.2%); those kept in unhygienic conditions (246/405, 60.7%); cattle in combined farming systems (165/255, 64.8%); and those in congested stall systems (150/218, 68.8%). Seasonal patterns were found to be significantly associated with infection, and a higher infection rate was observed in summer (215/350, 61.4%) than in winter (79/205, 38.5%). Identified risk factors should be considered in designing practical control approaches to reduce the burden of infection. Large scale studies are required to explore the diversity of species in KP, Pakistan.
是一种与蜱相关的寄生虫，可导致家畜患热带泰勒虫病，并造成巨大经济损失。关于该物种对巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KP）牛群影响的研究一直被忽视。本研究旨在确定遗传多样性，并评估KP省选定地区与该感染相关的风险因素。通过问卷调查收集了与该感染相关的风险因素信息。从2019年1月至2020年2月对有症状的牛采集血样，通过显微镜检查进行形态学鉴定，并以该基因作为遗传标记进行分子特征分析。在检查的555头牛中，显微镜检查和PCR检测分别发现136头（24.5%）和294头（53%）对该物种呈阳性。基于PCR检测，发现上迪尔区感染率最高（46/75，61.3%），其次是下迪尔区（54/90，60%）；马拉坎德区（51/88，57.9%）；白沙瓦区（40/80，50%）；查尔萨达区（52/112，46.4%），巴焦尔区最低（51/110，46.34%）。对该序列的BLAST分析显示与某物种有99.5%的同一性。在系统发育树中，该物种的序列与来自巴基斯坦、中国和意大利的序列聚类。观察到感染率与不同宿主特征之间存在显著关联。成年牛（216/360，60%）；雌性（218/377，57.8%）；以及荷斯坦-弗里生牛（120/180，66.6%）感染率最高。该感染与管理方式显著相关。在自由放牧的牛中观察到较高的感染率（190/412，42.2%）；饲养在不卫生条件下的牛（246/405，60.7%）；混合养殖系统中的牛（165/255，64.8%）；以及拥挤畜栏系统中的牛（
