Tina Giuseppe Marco, Bontempo Scavo Fausto
DIEEI, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 11;8(8):e10088. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10088. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Floating photovoltaic systems (FPV) are an innovative technology, in which photovoltaic modules are installed on water surfaces with the aim of reducing land occupation and at the same time increasing its efficiency and creating synergies with aquaculture and hydroelectric plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the energy performance on an annual basis of a fixed G/FPV (ground/floating photovoltaic) system, with vertical, horizontal or two-axis tracking, with mono or bifacial modules. The simulated data for FPV (floating PV) systems are compared with those of a GPV (ground PV) system through performance indexes. The analysis of the energy output is carried out depending on the geometric variables of the plant. The energy production of PV systems is highly dependent on the local climate. Therefore, the study was developed for two locations characterised by different components of diffuse solar radiation, one at high latitudes and the other at mid-latitudes. The two locations are: Anapo Dam in Sicily (Italy) and Aar Dam in the Lahn-Dill district (Germany). As for the gain due to the bifaciality of the systems with bifacial modules, it can be stated that for the analyzed configurations, a gain greater than 3% can be obtained for Anapo Dam in Sicily and greater than 4% for Aar in Germany. As for the gain due to the natural cooling of the modules, it can be stated that for the analyzed configurations, a gain of more than 5% can be obtained for Anapo Dam in Italy and greater than 4% for Aar in Germany. If the overall gain due to bifaciality tracking and cooling is considered, the following gains are obtained for the two locations Anapo and Aar respectively: 16.9% and 14.4% for Horizontal E-W system; 27.6% and 23.3% for Horizontal N-S system; 31.3% 27.8% for One Axis Vertical system; 47.4% and 42.5% for Dual axis system.
浮动光伏系统（FPV）是一项创新技术，其中光伏组件安装在水面上，目的是减少土地占用，同时提高其效率，并与水产养殖和水力发电厂产生协同效应。本研究的目的是每年评估一个固定的G/FPV（地面/浮动光伏）系统的能源性能，该系统具有垂直、水平或双轴跟踪功能，使用单晶硅或双面组件。通过性能指标将FPV（浮动光伏）系统的模拟数据与GPV（地面光伏）系统的数据进行比较。根据电站的几何变量对能量输出进行分析。光伏系统的发电量高度依赖于当地气候。因此，该研究针对两个具有不同散射太阳辐射成分的地点展开，一个位于高纬度地区，另一个位于中纬度地区。这两个地点分别是：意大利西西里岛的阿纳波大坝和德国兰-迪尔区的阿尔大坝。至于双面组件系统的双面性所带来的增益，可以说，对于所分析的配置，西西里岛的阿纳波大坝可获得超过3%的增益，德国的阿尔大坝可获得超过4%的增益。至于组件自然冷却所带来的增益，可以说，对于所分析的配置，意大利的阿纳波大坝可获得超过5%的增益，德国的阿尔大坝可获得超过4%的增益。如果考虑双面性、跟踪和冷却带来的总体增益，阿纳波和阿尔这两个地点分别可获得以下增益：水平东西向系统为16.9%和14.4%；水平南北向系统为27.6%和23.3%；单轴垂直系统为31.3%和27.8%；双轴系统为47.4%和42.5%。
