Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Leibniz Center General Linguistics, Berlin, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Oct;141:104836. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104836. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
Gestures during speaking are typically understood in a representational framework: they represent absent or distal states of affairs by means of pointing, resemblance, or symbolic replacement. However, humans also gesture along with the rhythm of speaking, which is amenable to a non-representational perspective. Such a perspective centers on the phenomenon of vocal-entangled gestures and builds on evidence showing that when an upper limb with a certain mass decelerates/accelerates sufficiently, it yields impulses on the body that cascade in various ways into the respiratory-vocal system. It entails a physical entanglement between body motions, respiration, and vocal activities. It is shown that vocal-entangled gestures are realized in infant vocal-motor babbling before any representational use of gesture develops. Similarly, an overview is given of vocal-entangled processes in non-human animals. They can frequently be found in rats, bats, birds, and a range of other species that developed even earlier in the phylogenetic tree. Thus, the origins of human gesture lie in biomechanics, emerging early in ontogeny and running deep in phylogeny.
通过指向、相似或象征性替代来代表不在场或远处的事物状态。然而，人类也会随着说话的节奏做出手势，这是一种非表现性的视角。这种观点的中心是声音交织手势的现象，并基于证据表明，当一个具有一定质量的上肢足够减速/加速时，它会对身体产生脉冲，这些脉冲会以各种方式传播到呼吸-发声系统中。它涉及身体运动、呼吸和发声活动之间的物理纠缠。事实表明，在任何手势的表现性使用发展之前，婴儿的发声运动咿呀学语中就已经存在声音交织手势。同样，本文还概述了非人类动物中的声音交织过程。这些过程在老鼠、蝙蝠、鸟类以及其他一些在进化树上更早出现的物种中经常可以找到。因此，人类手势的起源在于生物力学，它在个体发育的早期出现，并在系统发育中根深蒂固。
