Université Nazi BONI (UNB), Laboratoire de santé animale tropicale (LASANTROP), 01 BP 1 091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Unité de Recherche «maladies à vecteurs et biodiversité (UMaVeB)», 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG), Unité de Formation et de Recherche Environnement, Laboratoire des Interactions Hôte-Microorganisme-Environnement et Evolution, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2022 Sep;34:100773. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100773. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
After intensive control efforts, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was declared eliminated in Côte d'Ivoire as a public health problem in December 2020 and the current objective is to achieve the interruption of the transmission (zero cases). Reaching this objective could be hindered by the existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei (b.) gambiense. In the framework of a study led in 2013 to assess the role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of HAT in the two last active foci from Côte d'Ivoire (Bonon and Sinfra), plasmas were sampled from four species of domestic animals for parasitological (microscopic examination by the buffy coat technique (BCT)), serological (immune trypanolysis (TL)) and molecular (specific PCR: TBR for T. brucei s.l., TCF for T. congolense forest type, TVW for T. vivax and PCR for T. b. gambiense) testing. In order to improve the understanding of the involvement/role of these animals in the transmission of T. b. gambiense, we have quantified in this study the IgG response to whole saliva extracts of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in order to perform an association analysis between anti-saliva responses and the positivity of diagnostic tests. Cattle and pigs had significantly higher rates of anti-tsetse saliva responses compared to goats and sheep (p < 0.01). In addition, the anti-tsetse saliva responses were strongly associated with the parasitology (BCT+), serology (TL+) and PCR (TBR+ and TCF+) results (p < 0.001). These associations indicate a high level of contacts between the positive/infected animals and tsetse flies. Our findings suggest that protecting cattle and pigs against tsetse bites could have a significant impact in reducing transmission of both animal and human trypanosome species, and advocates for a "One health" approach to better control African trypanosomosis in Côte d'Ivoire.
经过密集的控制努力，人类非洲锥虫病（HAT）于 2020 年 12 月在科特迪瓦被宣布作为一个公共卫生问题消除，并将目前的目标定为实现传播的中断（零病例）。实现这一目标可能会因存在有传播锥虫（T.）布鲁斯（b.）冈比亚种的动物储库而受到阻碍。在 2013 年进行的一项研究框架内，评估了科特迪瓦最后两个活跃的 HAT 流行地区（博农和辛弗拉）中的家养动物在 HAT 流行病学中的作用，从四种家养动物中抽取了血浆进行寄生虫学（通过 buffy coat 技术（BCT）进行显微镜检查）、血清学（免疫溶血（TL））和分子学（特定 PCR：TBR 用于 T. brucei s.l.，TCF 用于 T. congolense 林型，TVW 用于 T. vivax 和 PCR 用于 T. b. gambiense）检测。为了更好地了解这些动物在传播 T. b. gambiense 中的参与/作用，我们在这项研究中定量了对冈比亚舌蝇全唾液提取物的 IgG 反应，以便对唾液反应的阳性与诊断检测的阳性进行关联分析。牛和猪与山羊和绵羊相比，抗采采蝇唾液的反应率显著更高（p<0.01）。此外，抗采采蝇唾液的反应与寄生虫学（BCT+）、血清学（TL+）和 PCR（TBR+和 TCF+）结果强烈相关（p<0.001）。这些关联表明，阳性/感染动物与采采蝇之间存在高度接触。我们的研究结果表明，保护牛和猪免受采采蝇叮咬可能会对减少动物和人类锥虫种的传播产生重大影响，并提倡采取“同一健康”方法来更好地控制科特迪瓦的非洲锥虫病。
