Department of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akoko-Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Aug 30;22(1):667. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04989-1.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a violation of human rights and a major public health challenge. IPV against women has negative effects on women's mental well-being and leads to unfavourable health outcomes through poor maternal healthcare services utilisation, especially skilled birth attendance (SBA). This study examined the trends in IPV and SBA, as well as the different forms of IPV as predictors of SBA in Nigeria.
Data for the study were derived from a nationally representative weighted sample of 34,294 women selected and interviewed for the questions on the domestic violence module in the three consecutive Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2008, 2013 and 2018. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including frequency distribution and binary logistic regression model at the multivariate level. The results of the explanatory variables were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
The prevalence of emotional and physical IPV among the sampled women decreased in 2013 from 2008 but later increased in 2018. Sexual IPV increased from 4.1% in 2008 to 7.6% in 2018, while births delivered with the assistance of skilled providers increased from 37.7% in 2008 to 50.8% in 2018. The likelihood of using SBA significantly decreased among women who experienced emotional IPV in 2008 (aOR: 0.74; CI: 0.63-0.87) and sexual IPV in 2018 (aOR: 0.62; CI: 0.45-0.86). Women who experienced physical IPV were more likely to use SBA in 2008, 2013 and 2018 (aOR: 1.72; CI: 1.55-1.92; aOR: 1.40; CI: 1.26-1.56 and aOR: 1.33; CI: 1.15-1.54, respectively). The covariates have varying degrees of influence on SBA across the survey years.
The showed that the prevalence of emotional and physical IPV increased in 2018 after a decrease in 2013, with an increase in sexual IPV and the use of SBA across the survey years. Also, emotional and sexual IPV, unlike physical IPV are associated with low chances of using SBA. There is a need for more pragmatic intervention programmes towards eliminating all forms of violence against all women, reducing maternal and child mortality and promoting the empowerment of women.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）已被确定为侵犯人权和重大公共卫生挑战。针对妇女的 IPV 会对妇女的心理健康产生负面影响，并通过利用产妇保健服务不佳，尤其是熟练的分娩护理，导致不利的健康结果。本研究考察了尼日利亚 IPV 和熟练分娩护理（SBA）的趋势，以及不同形式的 IPV 作为 SBA 的预测因素。
本研究的数据来自于全国代表性的加权样本，该样本包括 2008 年、2013 年和 2018 年连续三次进行的尼日利亚人口与健康调查中选择并接受有关家庭暴力模块问题访谈的 34294 名妇女。进行了描述性和分析性分析，包括在多变量水平上的频率分布和二元逻辑回归模型。解释变量的结果表示为比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
抽样妇女中情感和身体 IPV 的流行率在 2013 年从 2008 年下降，但后来在 2018 年上升。性 IPV 从 2008 年的 4.1%增加到 2018 年的 7.6%，而在熟练提供者的帮助下分娩的比例从 2008 年的 37.7%增加到 2018 年的 50.8%。在 2008 年经历情感 IPV 的妇女（aOR：0.74；CI：0.63-0.87）和 2018 年经历性 IPV 的妇女（aOR：0.62；CI：0.45-0.86）中，使用 SBA 的可能性显着降低。在 2008 年、2013 年和 2018 年经历身体 IPV 的妇女更有可能使用 SBA（aOR：1.72；CI：1.55-1.92；aOR：1.40；CI：1.26-1.56 和 aOR：1.33；CI：1.15-1.54）。协变量对整个调查年份的 SBA 具有不同程度的影响。
研究表明，在 2013 年下降之后，2018 年情感和身体 IPV 的流行率增加，性 IPV 和整个调查年份的 SBA 使用增加。此外，与身体 IPV 不同，情感和性 IPV 与使用 SBA 的可能性较低有关。需要制定更务实的干预方案，以消除针对所有妇女的所有形式的暴力，降低母婴死亡率，并促进妇女赋权。
