Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas - ICAQF, Laboratório de Economia, Saúde e Poluição Ambiental, São Paulo, Brazil.
Centro de Investigação em Saúde Ambiental - CISA e Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação, Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2022 Nov;72(11):1307-1315. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2118192. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
Lisbon has about 500,000 inhabitants and it's the capital and the main economic hub of Portugal. Studies have demonstrated that exposure to Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter<2.5 μm (PM) have strong association with health effects. Researchers continue to identify new harmful air pollutants effects in our health even in low levels.
This study evaluates air pollution scenarios considering a Health Impact Assessment approach in Lisbon, Portugal.
We have studied abatement scenarios of PM concentrations and the health effects in the period from 2015 to 2017 using the APHEKOM tool and the associated health costs were assessed by Value of Life Year.
The mean concentration of PM in Lisbon was 23 μg/m ± 10 μg/m (±Standard Deviation). If we consider that World Health Organization (WHO) standards of PM (10 μg/m) were reached, Lisbon would avoid more than 423 premature deaths (equivalent to 9,172 life years' gain) and save more than US$45 million annually. If Lisbon city could even diminish the mean of PM by 5 μg/m, nearly 165 deaths would be avoided, resulting in a gain of US$17 million annually.
According to our findings, if considered the worst pollution scenario, levels of PM2.5 could improve the life's quality and save a significant amount of economic resources. The manuscript addresses the health effects and costs of air pollution and constitutes an important target for improving public policies on air pollutants in Portugal. Although Portugal has low levels of air pollution, there are significant health and economic effects that, for the most part, are underreported. The health impact assessment approach associated with costs had not yet been addressed in Portugal, which makes this study more relevant in the analysis of policies aimed to drive stricter control on pollutants' emissions. Health costs are a fundamental element to support decision-making process and to orientate the trade-offs in investments for improving public policies so that to diminish health effects, which can impact the management of the local health services and the population's quality of life, especially after the pandemic period when resources are scarce.
里斯本拥有约 50 万居民，是葡萄牙的首都和主要经济中心。研究表明，暴露于空气动力学直径<2.5μm 的颗粒物（PM）与健康影响有很强的关联。研究人员继续发现新的有害空气污染物对我们健康的影响，即使在低水平下也是如此。
本研究采用健康影响评估方法评估了葡萄牙里斯本的空气污染情景。
我们使用 APHEKOM 工具研究了 2015 年至 2017 年期间 PM 浓度的减排情景及其对健康的影响，并通过生命价值年评估了相关的健康成本。
里斯本的 PM 平均浓度为 23μg/m±10μg/m（±标准差）。如果我们认为世界卫生组织（WHO）的 PM 标准（10μg/m）得到了满足，那么里斯本将避免超过 423 人过早死亡（相当于 9172 个生命年的收益），并每年节省超过 4500 万美元。如果里斯本能够将 PM 的平均值降低 5μg/m，就可以避免近 165 人死亡，每年节省 1700 万美元。
根据我们的研究结果，如果考虑到最严重的污染情景，PM2.5 的水平可以提高生活质量，并节省大量的经济资源。本文档涉及空气污染的健康影响和成本，是改善葡萄牙空气污染物公共政策的重要目标。尽管葡萄牙的空气污染水平较低，但仍存在重大的健康和经济影响，而这些影响在很大程度上尚未得到报告。与成本相关的健康影响评估方法尚未在葡萄牙得到应用，这使得本研究在分析旨在对污染物排放实施更严格控制的政策方面更加相关。健康成本是支持决策过程和指导投资权衡以改善公共政策的一个基本要素，以减少健康影响，这可能会影响当地卫生服务的管理和人口的生活质量，尤其是在资源稀缺的大流行时期之后。
