Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Y Contaminación Acuática, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira, Colombia.
Facultad de Ingeniería Y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira, Colombia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Sep 2;194(10):720. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10388-y.
Tropical estuaries are productive dynamic ecosystems where water quality is mediated by physicochemical and biological processes and by fluvial and anthropogenic discharges. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of environmental variables on the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality in Buenaventura Bay, which is a highly impacted estuary. Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy season, at three depths, in four stations that represent the environmental gradient of the bay. Temperature, total dissolved solids, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH were determined for each sample. In addition, alkalinity, phosphates, nitrites, and nitrates as indicators of water quality were also measured. The estuary was classified as meso- and polyhaline, with appropriate oxygen and pH conditions and spatiotemporal gradients of temperature and solids mediated by river discharges. Significant variations were found in the physicochemical variables by season, with maximum salinity, pH, and solids in the dry season and oxygen and temperature in the rainy season. Likewise, most of these environmental variables were higher in the outer zone of the estuary and lower in the inner stations. Alkalinity and nitrite values were within the permitted ranges, while phosphates and nitrates indicated low water quality. There was a significant direct influence of temperature and oxygen on alkalinity and nitrites. However, for phosphates, no significant influence of environmental variables was found, suggesting a greater influence by fluvial and anthropogenic discharges, which produce a decrease in the environmental quality of the estuary.
热带河口是具有生产力的动态生态系统，水质受到物理化学和生物过程以及河流和人为排放的调节。本研究的目的是确定环境变量对布埃纳文图拉湾水质时空动态的影响，该湾是一个受到高度影响的河口。在旱季和雨季，在代表湾环境梯度的四个站位的三个深度进行采样。对每个样本测定温度、总溶解固体、盐度、溶解氧和 pH 值。此外，还测量了碱度、磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐作为水质指标。该河口被分类为中盐度和多盐度，具有适当的氧气和 pH 值条件，以及由河流排放引起的温度和固体的时空梯度。根据季节的不同，理化变量存在显著差异，旱季盐度、pH 值和固体最大，雨季氧气和温度最大。同样，这些环境变量中的大多数在外湾区域较高，在内湾站位较低。碱度和亚硝酸盐值在允许范围内，而磷酸盐和硝酸盐表明水质较差。温度和氧气对碱度和亚硝酸盐有显著的直接影响。然而，对于磷酸盐，没有发现环境变量有显著影响，这表明河流和人为排放的影响更大，这会降低河口的环境质量。
