Ćwirzeń Waldemar, Wagner Leopold
Department of Dental Propaedeutics and Prophylaxis, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Eur J Dent. 2023 Jul;17(3):629-635. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1750772. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
The aim of the study was to evaluate dental hygienists' exposure to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), by the worksheets compatible with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA).
The research included 272 dental hygienists aged 23 to 52 years from the two administrative regions of Poland.
STATISTICA 12 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse the results. The level of significance was <0.05. The normality of the distribution was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The relationships between the variables were assessed with the 2 test. Due to the lack of "normality" of the REBA risk distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the hypotheses.
Overall, 48.5% of the examined showed a neck flexion >20, torsion of 80.1%, and 37.5% declared the presence of both types of loads. Also, 14.3% of the examined kept a vertical position, 53.7% flexion to the torso up to 20degrees, 31.4% to 60degrees, and 2.1% to >60degrees. Further, 78.3% of people indicated that they twist the torso. Then, 7% marked the low load's arms position, 45.6% marked the range from 20 to 45degrees, and 39.7% marked the range from 45 to 90degrees. Over 55% showed additional load related to the raising or abduction of the shoulders. Overall, 43% showed a wrong position of forearms. Also, 62.9% showed wrists flexed <15° and the rest showed >15degrees. Again, 79% showed additional twisting and flexion of the wrists. Almost 75% of the examined are exposed to overloads associated with the static load. The examined are not exposed to excessive loads resulting from sudden exertion. REBA scores indicate that the negligible MSDs risk concerns 0.7% examined; low risk, 5.5%; medium risk, 33,1%; high risk, 49.3%; and very high risk, 11.4%. The correlation coeffcients analysis showed that exposure risk is strongly correlated with the overloads on the tested parts of the body in both groups.
The levels of MSDs risk indicate that hygienists more often should be subjected to periodic check-ups in the workplace. They also need ergonomic interventions (education, preventive technique, physical activity, and improvement of the working environment) and modifications of hygienist's college programs in the field of work ergonomics can be also considered.
本研究旨在通过与快速全身评估（REBA）兼容的工作表，评估牙科保健员遭受肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）风险的情况。
该研究纳入了来自波兰两个行政区的272名年龄在23至52岁之间的牙科保健员。
使用STATISTICA 12和Microsoft Excel对结果进行分析。显著性水平<0.05。用夏皮罗-威尔克检验测试分布的正态性。用卡方检验评估变量之间的关系。由于REBA风险分布缺乏“正态性”，使用曼-惠特尼检验来验证假设。
总体而言，48.5%的受检者颈部前屈>20°，扭转角度为80.1%，37.5%的受检者表示存在两种负荷类型。此外，14.3%的受检者保持垂直姿势，53.7%的受检者向躯干前屈至20度，31.4%至60度，2.1%至>60度。此外，78.3%的人表示他们扭转躯干。然后，7%的人标记手臂处于低负荷位置，45.6%的人标记范围为20至45度，39.7%的人标记范围为45至90度。超过55%的人表现出与肩部抬高或外展相关的额外负荷。总体而言，43%的人前臂位置错误。此外，62.9%的人手腕弯曲<15°，其余的人弯曲>15度。同样，79%的人表现出手腕的额外扭转和弯曲。几乎75%的受检者面临与静态负荷相关的过载。受检者未遭受突然用力导致的过度负荷。REBA评分表明，可忽略不计的MSD风险涉及0.7%的受检者；低风险，5.5%；中等风险，33.1%；高风险，49.3%；非常高风险，11.4%。相关系数分析表明，两组中暴露风险与身体测试部位的过载密切相关。
MSD风险水平表明，牙科保健员更应经常在工作场所接受定期检查。他们还需要进行人体工程学干预（教育、预防技术、体育活动以及改善工作环境），并且也可以考虑在工作人体工程学领域对牙科保健员培训课程进行修改。
