Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Scientist B, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2022 Sep;70(9):11-12. doi: 10.5005/japi-11001-0080.
Obesity is a globally expanding silent epidemic having multiple risk factors and consequences associated with it. Genetic factors have been found to be playing undeniable roles in obesity. Intermingled relationship between epigenetics, metagenomics, and the environment influences obesity traits. High precision diagnostic tools have outlined many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as many novel genes, that have been identified that create an obesogenic environment. Rare single-gene diseases can lead to early childhood obesity and less satiety. With almost 30% of the global population being under the grip of obesity, the coming days are alarming. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the genetic causes of obesity including the epidemiology as well as the issues of concern and new additions to the list. Furthermore, we discuss the ways to enhance the healthcare outcome for patients of obesity through interdepartmental collaborations apart from pharmacological therapy that is still limited to a few drugs. The teamwork of geneticists, genetic counselors, physicians, bariatric surgeons, nurses, endocrinologists, and pharmacists may provide promising results in intervention.
肥胖是一种在全球范围内不断蔓延的无声流行病，它与多种风险因素和后果相关。遗传因素被发现对肥胖起着不可否认的作用。表观遗传学、宏基因组学和环境之间的交织关系影响肥胖特征。高精度的诊断工具已经确定了许多单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 以及许多新的基因，这些基因创造了肥胖环境。罕见的单基因疾病会导致儿童期肥胖和饱腹感降低。由于全球近 30%的人口受到肥胖的困扰，未来的日子令人担忧。这篇综述总结了肥胖的遗传原因的现有知识，包括流行病学以及关注的问题和新的补充。此外，我们还讨论了除了仍然局限于少数药物的药物治疗之外，通过部门间合作如何增强肥胖患者的医疗保健效果。遗传学家、遗传咨询师、医生、减肥外科医生、护士、内分泌学家和药剂师的团队合作可能会在干预方面提供有希望的结果。
