Far Eastern branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine" State Military Medical University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Klin Lab Diagn. 2022 Aug 15;67(8):451-457. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-451-457.
Burns are one of the most common traumatic injuries in the world, representing a global public health problem. Major burns (severe burn injury or burn disease) are one of the most life-threatening injuries. There is a great need to identify and monitor the development of complications (sepsis and septic shock, coagulopathy and DIC) in burned patients. The basis of the pathogenesis of burn injury, as well as any general pathological process, is an inflammatory reaction, ultimately aimed at restoring the structure and function of the damaged tissue. A feature of the inflammatory reaction in burn injury is the scale of alteration of the skin and mucous membranes. The review presents the main aspects of the burn injuries immunopathogenesis and the features of post-burn immune dysfunction, manifested by disorders in the innate and adaptive immunity systems. Attention is focused on the role in the immunopathogenesis of developing systemic and local disorders in burn injury. Also the role are discussed of a minor subpopulations of lymphocytes (Treg-, Th-17-, γδT-cells) in the immunopathogenesis and in the bacterial infection protection. The characteristics of the main immuno-biochemical markers of burn injury (cytokines and growth factors, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteases, bacteria concentration levels) are present. The prognostic role of these biomarkers in assessing of the severity degree of patients with burn injury and wound healing processes is shown. The review has been compiled using references from major databases such as RSCI, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar (up to march 2022). After obtaining all reports from database, the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review (60 references).
烧伤是世界上最常见的创伤性损伤之一，是全球公共卫生问题。大面积烧伤（严重烧伤损伤或烧伤疾病）是最具威胁生命的损伤之一。非常有必要识别和监测烧伤患者并发症（脓毒症和感染性休克、凝血功能障碍和 DIC）的发展。烧伤损伤发病机制的基础，以及任何一般病理过程，都是炎症反应，最终旨在恢复受损组织的结构和功能。烧伤损伤炎症反应的一个特征是皮肤和粘膜改变的规模。该综述介绍了烧伤损伤免疫发病机制的主要方面和烧伤后免疫功能障碍的特征，表现为固有和适应性免疫系统的紊乱。重点关注在烧伤损伤中全身和局部疾病发展中的免疫发病机制中的作用。还讨论了小淋巴细胞亚群（Treg、Th17、γδT 细胞）在免疫发病机制和细菌感染保护中的作用。本文介绍了烧伤损伤的主要免疫生物化学标志物（细胞因子和生长因子、一氧化氮、基质金属蛋白酶、细菌浓度水平）的特征。这些生物标志物在评估烧伤患者的严重程度和伤口愈合过程中的预后作用。本综述使用了 RSCI、Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 等主要数据库的参考文献进行编译（截至 2022 年 3 月）。从数据库中获得所有报告后，仔细分析了这些论文，以找到与本综述主题相关的数据（60 篇参考文献）。
