Li Shengnan, Niu Ziteng, Jiao Yuke, Jin Peng, Yang Desheng, Bai Chaofei, Liu Jiaran, Li Guoping, Luo Yunjun
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China.
Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China.
RSC Adv. 2022 Aug 15;12(35):22806-22814. doi: 10.1039/d2ra03772f. eCollection 2022 Aug 10.
Cu nanoparticles are more active catalytically than CuO nanoparticles, which have been widely studied as catalysts for organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and optics. However, Cu nanoparticles are easily agglomerated and oxidized in air. In this research, columnar, flower-like, bubble-like and teardrop-shaped Cu/GO nanocomposites were fabricated a water-solvent thermal method and high temperature calcination technique using deionized water (HO), methanol (CHOH), ethanol (CHCHOH) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent, respectively. The structures, the morphology and the catalytic performance and catalytic mechanism for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) of the Cu/GO nanocomposites have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption tests (BET), simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and thermogravimetric couplet with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), respectively. The experimental results show that the morphology of the Cu/GO nanocomposites has a significant effect on the surface area and the teardrop-shaped Cu/GO nanocomposites have the largest specific surface area and the best catalytic performance among them. When 5 wt% of the Cu/GO nanocomposites was added, the decomposition temperature of AP decreased from 426.3 °C to 345.5 °C and the exothermic heat released from the decomposition of AP increased from 410.4 J g to 4159.4 J g. In addition, the four morphological Cu/GO nanocomposites exhibited good stability, their catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of AP remained stable after 1 month in air. Excellent catalytic performance and stability were attributed to the strong catalytic activity of pure metal nanoparticles, and GO can accelerate electron movement and inhibit the agglomeration of nanoparticles, as well as the multiple effects of inhibiting the oxidation of Cu nanoparticles in air. Therefore, it has important application potential in high-energy solid propellant.
铜纳米颗粒在催化方面比氧化铜纳米颗粒更具活性，氧化铜纳米颗粒作为有机合成、电化学和光学领域的催化剂已得到广泛研究。然而，铜纳米颗粒在空气中容易团聚和氧化。在本研究中，分别以去离子水（H₂O）、甲醇（CH₃OH）、乙醇（C₂H₅OH）和乙二醇（EG）作为溶剂，采用水热法和高温煅烧技术制备了柱状、花状、气泡状和泪滴状的Cu/GO纳米复合材料。分别通过X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮吸附测试（BET）、同步热重-差示扫描量热法（TGA/DSC）以及热重与傅里叶变换红外光谱联用（TGA-FTIR）研究了Cu/GO纳米复合材料的结构、形貌以及高氯酸铵（AP）热分解的催化性能和催化机理。实验结果表明，Cu/GO纳米复合材料的形貌对其比表面积有显著影响，其中泪滴状Cu/GO纳米复合材料具有最大的比表面积和最佳的催化性能。当添加5 wt%的Cu/GO纳米复合材料时，AP的分解温度从426.3℃降至345.5℃，AP分解释放的放热从410.4 J/g增加到4159.4 J/g。此外，四种形貌的Cu/GO纳米复合材料表现出良好的稳定性，它们对AP热分解的催化性能在空气中放置1个月后仍保持稳定。优异的催化性能和稳定性归因于纯金属纳米颗粒的强催化活性，GO可以加速电子移动并抑制纳米颗粒的团聚，以及在空气中抑制Cu纳米颗粒氧化的多种作用。因此，它在高能固体推进剂中具有重要的应用潜力。
