Cellulose-based nanocomposite for ultrasonic assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction of triazole fungicides from water, fruits, and vegetables samples.

Herein, an ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) approach has been described for trace level analysis of triazole fungicides in real samples. For this purpose, a new nanosorbent was prepared through modification of carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer with zinc-based metal-organic framework and graphene oxide, and fully characterized. Then, the effect of extraction parameters on extraction efficiency was optimized for the microextraction process. Finally, desorbed triazole fungicides with ethanol were determined using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector. This technique provided good linearity (R > 0.99), low detection limits (0.3-1.5 ng mL), high preconcentration factors (419-426), good relative recoveries (91.6-102 %), and high repeatability (RSD < 4.1 %) at optimized conditions (amount of sorbent: 15 mg; pH of solution: 7.0; and extraction time; 4 min). Ultimately, this approach was applied to determine triazole fungicides in different water and food samples.