Outcomes of Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Treatment During Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) COVID 19 Variant Surges among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients.

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus infection of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccines supplement public health and social measures in preventing severe illness and mortality from COVID-19; however, vaccination rates remain inadequate in many regions. It is important to continuously explore the effective treatment due to the insufficient vaccination rate and increasing number of patients infected with virus. The emergence of new variants has led to multiple surges throughout the world requiring changes to treatment protocols.

METHOD

We conducted a single-center observational study on all adult patients who received monoclonal antibody (mAb) infusion as a treatment for COVID-19 infection. Based on the predominant variant, patients were either offered Casirivimab (600 mg)/imdevimab (600 mg) or Sotrovimab (500 mg). Forty-six patients were given mAbs; 24 were vaccinated, and the remaining unvaccinated.

RESULT

The mean age was 56 years, and the majority (63.04%) of the patients were female. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 improved within 3 days of infusion in the majority of the patients (70%). None of the patients who received mAb showed progression of disease or required hospitalization at 30 days follow-up. There were no deaths at 30 days follow-up. Monoclonal antibodies are highly effective in reducing hospitalizations and mortality when given within 7 days of symptoms onset in patients with high-risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 infection. The mean number of days after the onset at which the mAbs were administered to the patient was 4.

CONCLUSION

Monoclonal antibodies should be considered in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 infection if newer antiviral agents are contraindicated. Our study highlights the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody infusions when given early in the course of COVID-19 infection regardless of vaccination status.