Drahun Ivan, Poole Elise A, Hunt Katherine A, van Herk Willem G, LeMoine Christophe M, Cassone Bryan J
Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada.
Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Feb;79(2):526-536. doi: 10.1002/ps.7222. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
The long-lived terricolous larvae of click beetles, colloquially called wireworms, pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. Several economically important pest species have been documented in the Canadian Prairies, including Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus abbreviatus. However, most monitoring activities are performed in the early spring and there is evidence from other geographical regions of seasonal shifts in wireworm species composition and prevalence. Further, little is known about the overwintering physiology or behaviors of wireworms, which undoubtedly contribute to their population dynamics.
We surveyed wireworm populations from four Manitoban fields six times throughout the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Both Hypnoidus species were active throughout the spring and summer; however, L. californicus did not become active until later in the spring. Chill-coma recovery assays indicated Hypnoidus species recovered quicker than L. californicus from cold acclimation. Vertical migration assays simulating progressively lower ambient temperatures experienced by overwintering larvae identified H. bicolor throughout the soil profile, with L. californicus preferentially found at cooler, shallower depths. We speculate that these differences in species distribution within the soil column are due to the higher levels of putative cryoprotectants (for example, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, glycerol) in L. californicus, as identified by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Our findings of a stark seasonal turnover in wireworm species prevalence and composition in the Canadian Prairies should be incorporated into future integrated pest management and surveillance activities. This study also advances our understanding of wireworm overwintering biology, which should be factored into current management approaches. © 2022 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Pest Management Science © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
叩头虫寿命较长的陆生幼虫，俗称金针虫，对全球农业构成重大威胁。加拿大草原地区已记录了几种具有经济重要性的害虫物种，包括双色拟 Hypnoidus bicolor、加州大牙锯天牛 Limonius californicus 和短缩拟 Hypnoidus abbreviatus。然而，大多数监测活动在早春进行，并且有来自其他地理区域的证据表明金针虫物种组成和流行率存在季节性变化。此外，人们对金针虫的越冬生理或行为知之甚少，而这些无疑会影响它们的种群动态。
我们在 2020 年和 2021 年生长季节对来自马尼托巴省四个田地的金针虫种群进行了六次调查。两种拟 Hypnoidus 物种在整个春季和夏季都很活跃；然而，加州大牙锯天牛直到春季后期才开始活跃。冷昏迷恢复试验表明，拟 Hypnoidus 物种从冷驯化中恢复的速度比加州大牙锯天牛快。模拟越冬幼虫经历的逐渐降低的环境温度的垂直迁移试验在整个土壤剖面中都发现了双色拟 Hypnoidus，而加州大牙锯天牛则优先出现在较凉爽、较浅的深度。我们推测，土壤柱内物种分布的这些差异是由于通过靶向液相色谱串联质谱法确定的加州大牙锯天牛中假定的冷冻保护剂（例如海藻糖、山梨醇、葡萄糖、甘油）水平较高。
我们关于加拿大草原地区金针虫物种流行率和组成存在明显季节性变化的研究结果应纳入未来的综合害虫管理和监测活动中。这项研究还增进了我们对金针虫越冬生物学的理解，这应纳入当前的管理方法中。 © 2022 加拿大女王陛下。害虫管理科学 © 2022 化学工业协会。经加拿大农业和农业食品部长许可转载。
