School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Technol. 2024 Feb;45(5):988-998. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2135027. Epub 2022 Oct 23.
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of contaminants of emerging environmental concern. In this study, systematic exploration was carried out to investigate the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), a typical emerging BFRs, by thermally activated persulfate (PDS) oxidation. The removal of 5.0 μM TBBPS was 100% after 60 min oxidation treatment under 60°C. Increasing the temperature or initial PDS concentration facilitated the degradation efficiency of TBBPS. The quenching test indicated that TBBPS degradation occurred via the attack of both sulphate radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Natural organic matter (NOM) decreased the removal rate, however, complete disappearance of TBBPS could still be obtained. Six intermediate products were formed during reactions between TBBPS and radicals. Transformation pathways including debromination, β-Scission, and cross-coupling were proposed. Brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during the degradation of TBBPS were also investigated, such as bromoform and dibromoacetic acid. The presence of NOM reduced the formation rates of brominated DBPs. Results reveal that although thermo-activated PDS is a promising method for TBBPS-contaminated water, it can lead to potential brominated DBPs risks, which should be paid more attention to when SO-based oxidation technology is applied.
溴系阻燃剂（BFRs）是一组新兴的环境关注污染物。在本研究中，系统地探索了热活化过硫酸盐（PDS）氧化法降解四溴双酚 S（TBBPS）的方法，TBBPS 是一种典型的新兴 BFRs。在 60°C 下氧化处理 60 min 后，可实现 5.0 μM TBBPS 的 100%去除。升高温度或初始 PDS 浓度有利于提高 TBBPS 的降解效率。淬灭实验表明，TBBPS 的降解是通过硫酸盐自由基和羟基自由基的攻击共同作用实现的。天然有机物（NOM）降低了 TBBPS 的去除率，但仍可实现 TBBPS 的完全去除。TBBPS 与自由基反应过程中形成了 6 种中间产物。提出了脱溴、β-断裂和交叉偶联等转化途径。还研究了 TBBPS 降解过程中形成的溴代消毒副产物（DBPs），如溴仿和二溴乙酸。NOM 的存在降低了溴代 DBPs 的生成速率。结果表明，尽管热活化过硫酸盐是一种有前景的处理 TBBPS 污染水的方法，但它可能会导致潜在的溴代 DBPs 风险，在应用基于 SO 的氧化技术时应更加注意这一点。
