MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environments (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 Dec;6(12):1871-1880. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01888-8. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
Biodiversity is expected to change in response to future global warming. However, it is difficult to predict how species will track the ongoing climate change. Here we use the fossil record of planktonic foraminifera to assess how biodiversity responded to climate change with a magnitude comparable to future anthropogenic warming. We compiled time series of planktonic foraminifera assemblages, covering the time from the last ice age across the deglaciation to the current warm period. Planktonic foraminifera assemblages shifted immediately when temperature began to rise at the end of the last ice age and continued to change until approximately 5,000 years ago, even though global temperature remained relatively stable during the last 11,000 years. The biotic response was largest in the mid latitudes and dominated by range expansion, which resulted in the emergence of new assemblages without analogues in the glacial ocean. Our results indicate that the plankton response to global warming was spatially heterogeneous and did not track temperature change uniformly over the past 24,000 years. Climate change led to the establishment of new assemblages and possibly new ecological interactions, which suggests that current anthropogenic warming may lead to new, different plankton community composition.
生物多样性预计将随着未来全球变暖而发生变化。然而，很难预测物种将如何追踪正在发生的气候变化。在这里，我们利用浮游有孔虫的化石记录来评估生物多样性如何响应与未来人为变暖幅度相当的气候变化。我们编制了浮游有孔虫组合的时间序列，涵盖了从末次冰期到当前暖期的时间。当末次冰期末期温度开始上升时，浮游有孔虫组合立即发生变化，并持续变化，直到大约 5000 年前，尽管在过去的 11000 年中，全球温度仍然相对稳定。生物反应在中纬度地区最大，以范围扩展为主，这导致了新组合的出现，而这些组合在冰川海洋中没有类似物。我们的结果表明，浮游生物对全球变暖的反应在空间上是不均匀的，并且在过去 24000 年中并没有一致地跟踪温度变化。气候变化导致了新组合的建立，可能还有新的生态相互作用，这表明当前人为变暖可能导致新的、不同的浮游生物群落组成。
