School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;310:136808. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136808. Epub 2022 Oct 9.
Flame retardants, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP), are frequently detected in surface water. However, the effects of FRs exposure on aquatic organisms especially freshwater microalgae are still unclear. In this study, the toxicities of TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP to microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, in terms of growth inhibition, photosynthetic activity inhibition and oxidative damage, were investigated, and according ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP had inhibitory effects on C. sorokiniana, with 96 h EC (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) values of 7.606, 41.794 and 49.996 mg/L, respectively. Fv/Fm decreased as the increase of exposure time under 15 mg/L TBBPA. Under 50 mg/L TDCPP and 80 mg/L TBP exposure, Fv/Fm decreased significantly after 24 h. However, Fv/Fm rose after 96 h, indicating that the damaged photosynthetic activity was reversible. The content of chlorophyll a decreased, as the increase of TBBPA concentration from 3 to 15 mg/L. However, chlorophyll a increased first and then decreased, as the increase of TDCPP and TBP concentrations from 0 to 50 mg/L and 0-80 mg/L, respectively. Results indicated that C. sorokiniana could use the phosphorus of TDCPP and TBP to ensure the production of chlorophyll a. The risen content of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde as well as superoxide dismutase activity indicated that exposure to FRs induced oxidative stress. Additionally, the risk quotients showed that tested FRs had ecological risks in natural waters or wastewaters. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms of different FRs toward freshwater microalgae for better understanding of according environmental risks.
阻燃剂，如四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）、磷酸三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）酯（TDCPP）和磷酸三丁酯（TBP），经常在地表水检测到。然而，阻燃剂暴露对水生生物特别是淡水微藻的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，研究了 TBBPA、TDCPP 和 TBP 对微藻斜生栅藻的毒性，包括生长抑制、光合作用抑制和氧化损伤，并评估了相应的生态风险。结果表明，TBBPA、TDCPP 和 TBP 对斜生栅藻有抑制作用，96 h 的 EC（最大效应的 50%浓度）值分别为 7.606、41.794 和 49.996 mg/L。在 15 mg/L TBBPA 下，暴露时间增加时，Fv/Fm 降低。在 50 mg/L TDCPP 和 80 mg/L TBP 暴露下，暴露 24 h 后，Fv/Fm 显著降低。然而，暴露 96 h 后，Fv/Fm 上升，表明受损的光合作用是可逆的。随着 TBBPA 浓度从 3 增加到 15 mg/L，叶绿素 a 的含量下降。然而，随着 TDCPP 和 TBP 浓度从 0 增加到 50 mg/L 和 0-80 mg/L，叶绿素 a 的含量先增加后减少。结果表明，斜生栅藻可以利用 TDCPP 和 TBP 中的磷来保证叶绿素 a 的产生。活性氧、丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶活性的升高表明，暴露于阻燃剂会引起氧化应激。此外，风险商数表明，测试的阻燃剂在自然水或废水中具有生态风险。本研究为不同阻燃剂对淡水微藻的毒理学机制提供了深入了解，有助于更好地了解相应的环境风险。
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