[阳朔某典型铅锌矿区土壤重金属的空间分布及来源]

[Spatial Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in Soil of a Typical Lead-Zinc Mining Area, Yangshuo].

作者信息

Chen Meng, Pan Yong-Xing, Huang Yi-Xiang, Wang Xiao-Tong, Zhang Rui-Dong

机构信息

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.

Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Security in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.

出版信息

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Oct 8;43(10):4545-4555. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202201127.

DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202201127

PMID:36224140

Abstract

Taking a typical lead-zinc mining area in Yangshuo county, Guangxi as the research object, the contents of 10 metal elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb) in the surface soil of Sidihe River basin in Yangshuo were analyzed and determined. Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), positive definite matrix factorization (PMF), and other methods were comprehensively used to quantitatively analyze their contributions and identify pollution sources. In total, 168 surface soil samples were collected across the study area. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the soils were higher than the National Environmental Quality Standards for Soils in China. The mean contents of Sb, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were higher than their corresponding local background values by approximately 1.01, 5.50, 3.29, 9.11, and 10.67 times, respectively, indicating that heavy metals have been enriched in topsoil. The showed that the major pollutant element in the soils was Hg, followed by Pb, Zn, and Mn. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the sources of metal pollution in surface soil in the study area were complex and mainly from human activities. Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, As, and Pb were mainly derived from mining activities; Hg, Cr, and Ni were controlled by soil parent material sources; and Mn and Cd were mainly derived from mining activities and agricultural activities. PMF model analysis results showed that the metal pollution sources in the surface soil were jointly affected by these three sources. Mining activities, natural sources, and a mixed source of mining activities and agricultural activities were the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the soils, accounting for 58.0%, 13.5%, and 28.6% of the total heavy metal accumulation, respectively. Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, and Pb were derived mainly from mining activities. Cr, Ni, and Hg were mainly attributed to natural sources, such as soil parent materials and rainfall erosion (44.6%, 23.2%, and 21.0%, respectively), and Mn and Cd were associated with a mixed source of mining activities and agricultural activities (75.4% and 70.4%).

摘要

以广西阳朔县典型铅锌矿区为研究对象，分析测定了阳朔泗底河流域表层土壤中10种金属元素（铬、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、锑、汞和铅）的含量。综合运用皮尔逊相关分析、主成分分析（PCA）、正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）等方法对其贡献进行定量分析并识别污染源。研究区域共采集了168个表层土壤样品。土壤中锌、镉、汞和铅的平均浓度高于中国土壤环境质量国家标准。锑、镉、铜、铅和锌的平均含量分别比其相应的当地背景值高出约1.01、5.50、3.29、9.11和10.67倍，表明重金属已在表层土壤中富集。结果表明，土壤中的主要污染元素是汞，其次是铅、锌和锰。相关分析和主成分分析表明，研究区域表层土壤中金属污染来源复杂，主要来自人类活动。铜、锌、镉、锑、砷和铅主要来源于采矿活动；汞、铬和镍受土壤母质来源控制；锰和镉主要来源于采矿活动和农业活动。PMF模型分析结果表明，表层土壤中的金属污染源受这三种来源共同影响。采矿活动、自然源以及采矿活动与农业活动的混合源是土壤中重金属污染的主要来源，分别占总重金属积累量的58.0%、13.5%和28.6%。镍、铜、锌、砷、锑、汞和铅主要来源于采矿活动。铬、镍和汞主要归因于自然源，如土壤母质和降雨侵蚀（分别占44.6%、23.2%和21.0%），而锰和镉与采矿活动和农业活动的混合源有关（分别占75.4%和70.4%）。