Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
Oncogene. 2022 Nov;41(46):5008-5019. doi: 10.1038/s41388-022-02496-3. Epub 2022 Oct 12.
Brain metastasis in breast cancer remains difficult to treat and its incidence is increasing. Therefore, the development of new therapies is of utmost clinical relevance. Recently, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was correlated with IL6 expression and poor prognosis in 1 215 breast cancer primaries. In contrast, we demonstrated that TLR4 stimulation reduces microglia-assisted breast cancer cell invasion. However, the expression, prognostic value, or therapeutic potential of TLR signaling in breast cancer brain metastasis have not been investigated. We thus tested the prognostic value of various TLRs in two brain-metastasis gene sets. Furthermore, we investigated different TLR agonists, as well as MyD88 and TRIF-deficient microenvironments in organotypic brain-slice ex vivo co-cultures and in vivo colonization experiments. These experiments underline the ambiguous roles of TLR4, its adapter MyD88, and the target nitric oxide (NO) during brain colonization. Moreover, analysis of the gene expression datasets of breast cancer brain metastasis patients revealed associations of TLR1 and IL6 with poor overall survival. Finally, our finding that a single LPS application at the onset of colonization shapes the later microglia/macrophage reaction at the macro-metastasis brain-parenchyma interface (MMPI) and reduces metastatic infiltration into the brain parenchyma may prove useful in immunotherapeutic considerations.
乳腺癌脑转移仍然难以治疗,其发病率正在增加。因此,开发新的治疗方法具有非常重要的临床意义。最近,TLR4 与 IL6 表达和 1215 例乳腺癌原发灶的不良预后相关。相比之下,我们证明 TLR4 刺激可减少小胶质细胞辅助的乳腺癌细胞侵袭。然而,TLR 信号在乳腺癌脑转移中的表达、预后价值或治疗潜力尚未得到研究。因此,我们在两个脑转移基因集中测试了各种 TLR 的预后价值。此外,我们还研究了不同的 TLR 激动剂,以及在器官型脑切片体外共培养和体内定植实验中 MyD88 和 TRIF 缺陷的微环境。这些实验强调了 TLR4、其衔接子 MyD88 和靶标一氧化氮(NO)在脑定植过程中的作用。此外,对乳腺癌脑转移患者的基因表达数据集进行分析,发现 TLR1 和 IL6 与总体生存不良相关。最后,我们发现,在定植开始时单次 LPS 应用可塑造宏观转移脑实质界面(MMPI)处的小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞反应,并减少转移浸润到脑实质,这可能对免疫治疗的考虑有用。
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