School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 8;19(19):12870. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912870.
As a fundamental and strategic resource, water is a crucial controlling element of ecosystem and natural environment and it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining and promoting the sustainable development of the economy and society. To achieve the sustainable development of society, the economy and ecology, it is necessary to assess and improve the sustainability of water resources use. Based on the Human-Resource-Nature approach, this paper constructed an indicator system for the sustainability assessment of water resources use (ISSAWRU) in China from three perspectives: water resources condition, socio-economy and ecological environment. A five-level hierarchy of assessment indicators was established. Based on the entropy weight method and the cloud model which took both fuzziness and randomness into account, this paper established an entropy-cloud-based assessment model for the sustainability assessment of water resources use in 31 provinces in China in 2019. The assessment results were compared with results obtained by the TOPSIS method to test their reliability. Finally, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the sustainability of water resources use in China was conducted. According to the results, water resources per capita had a weighting of 0.306 and the greatest impact on the sustainable use of water resources. In addition, water structure, agricultural water use efficiency, forest coverage, and so on, had a significant impact on the sustainable use of water resources in China. The overall level of sustainability of water resources use in 31 provinces in China was not high-42% of the regions have unsustainable water resources use and there was a clear spatial distribution trend. The sustainability level of water resources use was higher in the southeast and economically developed regions. Therefore, each region should develop measures to guarantee water security based on the local conditions. This research helps policy makers to figure out the contributing factors associated with sustainability of water resources use and to set relevant rules and regulations to promote the use of water resources in a sustainable way.
作为一种基础性和战略性资源，水是生态系统和自然环境的关键控制要素，在维护和促进经济社会可持续发展方面发挥着不可替代的作用。为了实现社会、经济和生态的可持续发展，有必要评估和提高水资源利用的可持续性。本文基于人-资源-自然系统方法，从水资源条件、社会经济和生态环境三个方面构建了中国水资源利用可持续性评价指标体系（ISSAWRU）。建立了一个五级评估指标层次结构。基于熵权法和考虑模糊性和随机性的云模型，建立了 2019 年中国 31 个省份水资源利用可持续性评价的熵云评价模型，并与 TOPSIS 方法的评价结果进行了对比验证。最后，对中国水资源利用的可持续性进行了全面深入的分析。结果表明，人均水资源量的权重为 0.306，对水资源可持续利用的影响最大。此外，水资源结构、农业用水效率、森林覆盖率等对中国水资源可持续利用有显著影响。中国 31 个省份水资源利用的整体可持续性水平不高，有 42%的地区水资源利用不可持续，且存在明显的空间分布趋势。水资源利用的可持续性水平在东南部和经济发达地区较高。因此，各地区应根据当地情况制定保障水安全的措施。本研究有助于政策制定者了解与水资源利用可持续性相关的影响因素，并制定相关法规，以促进水资源的可持续利用。
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