Viral Infections of the Oral Mucosa

The oral cavity is particularly susceptible to the manifestations of viral illnesses. Viral infections often have a subclinical course, and clinical manifestations in the form of oral lesions result from viral cellular destruction or an immune response to viral proteins. Oral lesions associated with viral conditions are encountered in daily practice by a wide range of healthcare providers, including general practitioners, dentists, otolaryngologists, and dermatologists. Such lesions may pose a diagnostic challenge, as the clinical presentation and the possible causative microorganisms are extensive. DNA viruses, including members of the , , and families, are known to cause oral lesions. RNA viruses, including enteroviruses and paramyxoviruses, can also affect the oral cavity. Establishing a definitive diagnosis is sometimes tricky. Timely recognition of the lesions reduces the risk of complications. This is particularly important in specific patient populations, like those with HIV or AIDS, as the incidence of oral lesions often correlates with the progression of the disease.