Esan A, Azeez T A, Adekanmbi O, Raji Y R, Idowu O, Fowotade A
Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2022 Oct 20;39(10):1007-1012.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral infection, now a pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with severe COVID-19 and poor glycaemic control is reportedly the link between these conditions. This study aimed to determine the association between DM and the severity of COVID-19.
This was a retrospective study involving 86 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in South-Western Nigeria. Socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from their medical records. Ethical approval was obtained and descriptive and inferential statistics computed.
The mean age of the patients was 61 ± 16.1 years and 61.6% were males. Fever was noted in 67.4% of patients and, similarly, 67.4% of the patients had an SpO2<94% in ambient air when admitted. Thirty-six percent (36%) of the study patients had DM. Amongst patients with DM and those without DM, 72.2% and 62%, respectively, had severe or critical COVID-19 (p=0.323). Patients with DM were older than those without DM (65.8 years vs 57.3 years; p=0.015). The frequency of oxygen desaturation, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury (AKI) and multi-organ failure were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with DM (p=0.037, 0.043, 0.004 and 0.016, respectively). Mortality was higher in COVID-19 patients with DM but this was not statistically significant (p=0.214). The odds of a patient with diabetes and COVID-19 developing respiratory failure and acute kidney injury were 1.395 (95%CI 1.154-6.913) and 1.125 (95%CI 1.025-1.621), respectively.
Diabetes mellitus was recorded in older patients with COVID-19 and associated with suboptimal oxygen saturation at presentation, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury. There was no association found between DM and COVID-19 severity and mortality.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种新型病毒感染，现已成为大流行病，由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起。糖尿病（DM）与严重的COVID-19相关，据报道血糖控制不佳是这些情况之间的联系。本研究旨在确定DM与COVID-19严重程度之间的关联。
这是一项回顾性研究，涉及86例在尼日利亚西南部一家三级医院住院的COVID-19患者。从他们的病历中提取社会人口统计学、临床和实验室数据。获得了伦理批准并进行了描述性和推断性统计计算。
患者的平均年龄为61±16.1岁，61.6%为男性。67.4%的患者有发热，同样，67.4%的患者入院时在室内空气中的血氧饱和度（SpO2）<94%。36%的研究患者患有DM。在患有DM和未患有DM的患者中，分别有72.2%和62%患有严重或危重型COVID-19（p=0.323）。患有DM的患者比未患有DM的患者年龄更大（65.8岁对57.3岁；p=0.015）。COVID-19合并DM的患者中氧饱和度下降、呼吸衰竭、急性肾损伤（AKI）和多器官衰竭的发生率显著更高（分别为p=0.037、0.043、0.004和0.016）。COVID-19合并DM的患者死亡率更高，但差异无统计学意义（p=0.214）。患有糖尿病和COVID-19的患者发生呼吸衰竭和急性肾损伤的几率分别为1.395（95%置信区间1.154 - 6.913）和1.125（95%置信区间1.025 - 1.621）。
COVID-19老年患者中记录到患有糖尿病，且与就诊时氧饱和度欠佳、呼吸衰竭和急性肾损伤相关。未发现DM与COVID-19严重程度及死亡率之间存在关联。
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