TB in migrants residing in the Netherlands for at least 5 years at diagnosis, 2003-2018.

One of the challenges of TB elimination in low-incidence countries is the relatively high incidence of TB in migrants in these countries, even after multiple years of residence. To describe and compare TB incidence and characteristics of migrant TB patients residing in the Netherlands for at least (≥)5 years at diagnosis with non-foreign-born TB patients in order to identify additional strategies that could reduce TB incidence in the former group. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in migrants from Somalia, Morocco, Suriname, Turkey and Indonesia who were diagnosed with TB in the Netherlands in 2003-2018. TB incidences were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify differences in characteristics of TB patients per country of birth compared to non-foreign-born patients. TB incidence was highest in individuals from Somalia (162.5/100,000 population in 2018), followed by individuals from Morocco (37.1/100,000). In the non-foreign-born population, TB incidence was 1.2/100,000. Differences in characteristics of TB patients compared to non-foreign-born patients varied by country of birth. Our findings underline the importance of being aware of the heterogeneity of TB incidence and characteristics of patients in the migrant population residing ≥5 years in the Netherlands.