Department of Political Science & Philosophy, 6181Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA.
Nurs Ethics. 2023 Mar;30(2):210-221. doi: 10.1177/09697330221128904. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
Role modelling communicates a standard of behavior to another person. Silent role modelling occurs when this standard can be communicated without articulating reasons for the action; articulate role modelling occurs when it is necessary to articulate reasons in order to effectively role model the standard of behavior, and to avoid misinterpretation. Nurses are role models in virtue of the respect and admiration given to the nursing profession. As such, nurses have role model obligations. This paper examines nurses' role model obligations for healthy behaviors and pandemic precautions. Research often identifies nurses as role models for healthy behavior, despite the fact that nurses are typically no healthier than the general population. This paper argues that nurses do not have a duty to role model healthy behaviors. The ability to adopt healthy behaviors is affected by numerous personal and individual factors. For a nurse to share their struggles to adopt healthy behaviors as articulate 'imperfect' role models violates their right to privacy. By contrast, nurses do have a moral duty to role model pandemic precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as correctly wearing appropriate masks, maintaining social distancing, avoiding gatherings of multiple households when pandemic precautions are not being taken, and staying up to date on vaccination. Nurses' duty to role model pandemic precautions does not involve sharing any personal information. Nurses have a duty to be silent role models when the risk of misinterpretation is low, and a duty to be articulate role models, who explicitly communicate reasons for the role modelled behavior, when necessary to ensure they are not misinterpreted. When articulate role modelling goes beyond the minimal role modelling duty, and imposes a comparative cost to the nurse, articulate role modelling is not obligatory, but supererogatory.
角色建模向另一个人传达了一种行为标准。当无需阐明行动的原因就可以传达这种标准时，就会发生无声的角色建模；当需要阐明原因才能有效地对行为标准进行角色建模并避免误解时，就会发生清晰的角色建模。护士因其受到的尊重和对护理行业的钦佩而成为角色模范。因此，护士有角色模范的义务。本文探讨了护士在健康行为和大流行预防方面的角色模范义务。尽管护士通常并不比普通人群更健康，但研究经常将护士确定为健康行为的角色模范。本文认为，护士没有义务对健康行为进行角色建模。采取健康行为的能力受到许多个人和个体因素的影响。如果护士要分享他们在采用健康行为方面的挣扎，作为清晰的“不完美”角色模范，这将侵犯他们的隐私权。相比之下，护士在 COVID-19 大流行期间确实有道德义务对大流行预防措施进行角色建模，例如正确佩戴适当的口罩、保持社交距离、避免在未采取大流行预防措施时多个家庭聚会，以及及时接种疫苗。护士对大流行预防措施进行角色建模的责任不涉及分享任何个人信息。当误解的风险较低时，护士有责任保持无声的角色模范，当需要确保自己不被误解时，护士有责任成为清晰的角色模范，明确传达角色模范行为的原因。当清晰的角色建模超出了最低角色建模义务，并给护士带来相对成本时，清晰的角色建模不是强制性的，而是多余的。
