Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (CoCHE), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Biomolecules. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):1505. doi: 10.3390/biom12101505.
Neurons interact with astrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells. These interactions become unbalanced in disease states, resulting in damage to neurons and synapses, and contributing to cognitive impairment. Importantly, synaptic loss and synaptic dysfunction have been considered for years as a main pathological factor of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, miRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Focusing on the role of miRNAs in regulating synaptic functions, as well as different cell types in the brain, offers opportunities for the early prevention, diagnosis, and potential treatment of AD-related cognitive impairment. Here, we review the recent research conducted on miRNAs regulating astrocytes, microglia, cerebrovasculature, and synaptic functions in the context of AD-related cognitive impairment. We also review potential miRNA-related biomarkers and therapeutics, as well as emerging imaging technologies relevant for AD research.
神经元与星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和血管细胞相互作用。这些相互作用在疾病状态下失去平衡，导致神经元和突触受损，并导致认知障碍。重要的是，突触丢失和突触功能障碍多年来一直被认为是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 认知障碍的主要病理因素。最近，miRNAs 已成为大脑中生理和病理过程的重要调节因子。关注 miRNAs 在调节突触功能以及大脑不同细胞类型中的作用，为 AD 相关认知障碍的早期预防、诊断和潜在治疗提供了机会。在这里，我们综述了最近关于 miRNAs 调节 AD 相关认知障碍中星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、脑血管和突触功能的研究。我们还综述了潜在的 miRNA 相关生物标志物和治疗方法，以及与 AD 研究相关的新兴成像技术。
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