Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 18;23(20):12468. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012468.
Many higher plants possess a physiological organization that is based upon the carbon economy of their parts. While photosynthates are partitioned according to the relative strength of the plant's sink tissues, in many species there is also a very close relationship between partitioning, phyllotaxy and vascular connectivity giving rise to sectorial patterns of allocation. Here, we examined the influence of smoke and certain chemical constituents prevalent in smoke including, catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone on phloem vascular sectoriality in common sunflower ( L.), as a model plant for sectoriality. By administering radioactive carbon-11 to a single source leaf as CO, C-photosynthate allocation patterns were examined using autoradiography. A 1:200 aqueous dilution of liquid smoke treated soil caused 2.6-fold and 2.5-fold reductions in phloem sectoriality in sink leaves and roots, respectively. Treatment with catechol (1,2-d ihydroxybenzene) or resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene), polyphenolic constituents that are prevalent in smoke, caused similar reductions in phloem sectoriality in the same targeted sink tissues. However, treatment with hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) had no effect. Finally, the longer-term effects of smoke exposure on plant growth and performance were examined using outdoor potted plants grown over the 2022 season. Plants exposed to liquid smoke treatments of the soil on a weekly basis had larger thicker leaves possessing 35% greater lignin content than untreated control plants. They also had thicker stems although the lignin content was the same as controls. Additionally, plants exposed to treatment produced twice the number of flowers with no difference in their disk floret diameters as untreated controls. Altogether, loss of phloem sectoriality from exposure to liquid smoke in the sunflower model benefited plant performance.
许多高等植物具有基于其部分碳经济的生理组织。虽然光合作用产物根据植物汇组织的相对强度进行分配，但在许多物种中，分配、叶序和血管连通性之间也存在着非常密切的关系，从而导致分配的扇区模式。在这里，我们研究了烟雾和某些化学物质（包括儿茶酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚）对普通向日葵（L.）韧皮部扇区性的影响，作为扇区性的模式植物。通过将放射性碳-11 作为 CO 施用于单个源叶，使用放射自显影术检查 C-光合作用产物的分配模式。1：200 稀释的液体烟雾处理土壤分别导致汇叶和根的韧皮部扇区性降低 2.6 倍和 2.5 倍。用儿茶酚（1,2-二羟基苯）或间苯二酚（1,3-二羟基苯）处理，这两种多酚类物质在烟雾中很常见，也会导致相同靶向汇组织中的韧皮部扇区性类似降低。然而，用对苯二酚（1,4-二羟基苯）处理则没有效果。最后，使用 2022 年室外盆栽植物来研究烟雾暴露对植物生长和性能的长期影响。每周用液体烟雾处理土壤的植物比未处理的对照植物具有更大、更厚的叶子，其木质素含量增加 35%。它们的茎也更厚，尽管木质素含量与对照相同。此外，暴露于处理的植物产生的花朵数量是未处理对照植物的两倍，其圆盘小花直径没有差异。总的来说，暴露于液体烟雾导致向日葵模型中韧皮部扇区性丧失，从而提高了植物的性能。
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