Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Oct 11;12:1026154. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1026154. eCollection 2022.
is a honey bee gut parasite that has recently spilled to another honey bee host through trading. The impact of infection on the native host is minor, which is substantial in the novel host. In this study, artificial inoculation simulated the parasite transmission from the native to the novel host. We found that the parasite initiated proliferation earlier in the novel host than in the native host. Additionally, parasite gene expression was significantly higher when infecting the novel host compared with the native host, leading to a significantly higher number of spores. Allele frequencies were similar for spores of parasites infecting both native and novel hosts. This suggests that the high number of spores found in the novel host was not caused by a subset of more fit spores from native hosts. Native hosts also showed a higher number of up-regulated genes in response to infection when compared with novel hosts. Our data further showed that native hosts suppressed parasite gene expression and arguably sacrificed cells to limit the parasite. The results provide novel insights into host defenses and gene selection during a parasite spillover event.
是一种蜜蜂肠道寄生虫，最近通过贸易传播到另一种蜜蜂宿主。感染对本地宿主的影响较小，但对新宿主的影响较大。在这项研究中，人工接种模拟了寄生虫从本地宿主向新宿主的传播。我们发现寄生虫在新宿主中的增殖时间早于在本地宿主中的增殖时间。此外，与感染本地宿主相比，寄生虫在感染新宿主时的基因表达显著更高，导致孢子数量显著增加。感染本地和新宿主的寄生虫的孢子的等位基因频率相似。这表明在新宿主中发现的大量孢子不是来自本地宿主的更适应的孢子亚群引起的。与新宿主相比，本地宿主在感染时还显示出更高数量的上调基因。我们的数据进一步表明，本地宿主抑制了寄生虫的基因表达，并可以说是牺牲了细胞来限制寄生虫。研究结果为宿主防御和寄生虫溢出事件期间的基因选择提供了新的见解。
