In this work, we report a novel MoS/MnCdS composite catalyst that has been designed and fabricated by in situ coupling MoS nanoclusters with 1D MnCdS nanorods for photocatalytic H production. The catalyst features a 1D nanostructure with MoS nanoclusters uniformly dispersed along the MnCdS nanorod. It was found that an intimate interface is built between MoS nanoclusters and MnCdS nanorods thanks to the facile in situ photoreduction route, which contributes to a high-efficiency interfacial charge separation. The resulting MoS/MnCdS photocatalyst shows a dramatically enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H production activity compared with the control samples, owing to more efficient spatial charge separation as well as enriched active sites. This work is expected to provide an optimized structure model for rational design and constructing novel, inexpensive, efficient and stable cocatalyst/metal sulfide photocatalyst systems for H production.