Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India.
Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
J Med Case Rep. 2022 Nov 3;16(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03593-3.
BACKGROUND: The advent of immunotherapies has ushered in a new era in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Although immunotherapies are associated with improved clinical outcomes, studies report a median overall survival of 11 months with progression-free survival of 2.5 months with the use of nivolumab for pretreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Herein, we describe a case of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma that has shown exceptional response to immunotherapy, with the patient being in complete response for the past 6 years since commencement of nivolumab. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 58-year-old female Caucasian, an ex-smoker with 40-pack-year history of smoking, who presented with cough and chest pain and was subsequently diagnosed with metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The tumor was positive for Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene KRAS-G12C mutation and had high programmed death-1 ligand expression. She was commenced on first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and gemcitabine with disease response, then continued on maintenance pemetrexed. She was then commenced on immunotherapy with nivolumab, with complete response for a total of 6 years. She does not report any adverse events. Currently, she shows no evidence of recurrence of non-small cell lung carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The exceptional response to immunotherapy seen in this case may be explained by the presence of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene mutation, which is associated with enhanced clinical response to programmed death-1 ligand inhibitors. This report emphasizes the urgent need for further studies evaluating the role of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene mutation in determining the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies. This would enable us to make effective evidence-based clinical interventions in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma.
背景:免疫疗法的出现开创了非小细胞肺癌治疗的新时代。尽管免疫疗法可改善临床结局,但研究报告称,对于预处理的转移性非小细胞肺癌,使用纳武利尤单抗的中位总生存期为 11 个月,无进展生存期为 2.5 个月。在此,我们描述了一例晚期非小细胞肺癌病例,该病例对免疫疗法表现出异常反应,自开始使用纳武利尤单抗以来,患者已经完全缓解了 6 年。
病例介绍:我们报告了一例 58 岁白人女性病例,有 40 包年的吸烟史,因咳嗽和胸痛就诊,随后被诊断为转移性肺腺癌。肿瘤 KRAS-G12C 突变阳性,程序性死亡配体 1 高表达。她接受了卡铂和吉西他滨一线化疗,病情缓解后继续接受培美曲塞维持治疗。随后她开始接受纳武利尤单抗免疫治疗,总缓解时间为 6 年。她没有报告任何不良反应。目前,她没有非小细胞肺癌复发的迹象。
结论:该病例对免疫治疗的异常反应可能归因于存在 Kirsten 大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因突变,该突变与程序性死亡配体 1 抑制剂的临床反应增强有关。该报告强调了迫切需要进一步研究 Kirsten 大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因突变在确定免疫疗法临床疗效中的作用。这将使我们能够在非小细胞肺癌治疗中进行有效的基于证据的临床干预。
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