现存北极菊（Chrysanthemum arcticum L.）及其亚种北极菊亚属（C. a. subsp. arcticum）不同居群及居群内的表型差异。

Phenotypic differences among and within extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. a. subsp. arcticum.

机构信息

Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55018, USA.

Department of Plant Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 101 Life Sciences Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2022 Nov 5;22(1):517. doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03902-4.

DOI:10.1186/s12870-022-03902-4

PMID:36335304

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9636833/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Chrysanthemum arcticum, arctic daisy and its two subspecies (Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. arcticum, Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. polaré) are the only chrysanthemum species native to North America. A study on species' variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is important to link morphological traits with previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, particularly when the genomes are sequenced. The purpose of this study was to establish phenotypic differences and soil conditions among wild C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum populations, when grown in a uniform environment for two years, for potential linkages with our SNP library. Sixteen quantitative morphological traits and five qualitative morphological traits were investigated for 255 individuals from nine C. arcticum populations and 326 individuals from 21 C. a. subsp. arcticum populations.

RESULTS

In long-day controlled environment, C. arcticum flowering rate was 0% in Year 1, increased to 2.7% in Year 2, while C. a. subsp. arcticum flowering rate was 98.5% in Year 2. Two distinct clusters, distributed by taxonomic classification, were detected by Principal component analysis (PCoA) for 551 individuals from C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis indicated a positive and significant correlation between plant height, flower fresh and dry weights. Flower fresh weights were correlated with Δflower weight, while inflorescence length had showed a negative correlation with leaf number. Soil samples had high Na levels along with heavy metals. Thus, the species are salt-tolerant.

CONCLUSION

A high level of salt tolerance (Na) is tolerated by these maritime species which is a unique trait in Chrysanthemum. A new diagnostic trait of inflorescence length was discovered to distinguish among C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Significant flowering differences occurred among the species C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum under same photoperiodic environment, including flowering rates and visible bud date. This study on the species' variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is of importance to link morphological traits with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

摘要

背景

北极菊、北极雏菊及其两个亚种（北极菊北极亚种、北极菊极地亚种）是北美的特有种。研究形态和诊断特征的物种变异对于将形态特征与先前描述的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记联系起来很重要，特别是当基因组被测序时。本研究的目的是建立在两年的均匀环境中生长的野生北极菊和北极菊亚种种群之间的表型差异和土壤条件，以与我们的 SNP 文库建立潜在联系。对来自 9 个北极菊种群的 255 个个体和来自 21 个北极菊亚种种群的 326 个个体进行了 16 个定量形态特征和 5 个定性形态特征的调查。

结果

在长日照控制环境中，北极菊在第 1 年的开花率为 0%，第 2 年增加到 2.7%，而北极菊亚种的开花率在第 2 年为 98.5%。通过主成分分析（PCoA）对来自北极菊和北极菊亚种的 551 个个体进行分析，发现了两个由分类学分类分布的明显聚类。皮尔逊相关系数分析表明，株高、花鲜重和干重之间存在正相关且显著相关。花鲜重与 Δ花重呈正相关，而花序长度与叶片数呈负相关。土壤样本中的 Na 水平很高，同时重金属含量也很高。因此，这些物种具有耐盐性。

结论

这些海洋物种具有高水平的耐盐性（Na），这是菊花的一个独特特征。发现了花序长度的一个新的诊断特征，可以区分北极菊和北极菊亚种。在相同光周期环境下，北极菊和北极菊亚种之间的开花差异显著，包括开花率和可见芽期。本研究对形态和诊断特征的物种变异进行了研究，对于将形态特征与单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记联系起来具有重要意义。